The Academic Women's Equity Coalition began in 1983-84, developing out of informal discussions on equity issues among some women faculty members at South Dakota State University. Membership was open to all female faculty members at South Dakota State University and other persons, male or female, who supported the purposes of the Academic Women's Equity Coalition. The purposes of the coalition included working to identify, investigate and seek solutions related to issues of equity at South Dakota State University; to providing opportunity for the exchange of information and ideas related to academic women's issues; and to serving as support and action group for faculty women. The coalition's area of activity included the promotion of non-sexist language, equality in hiring practices, salaries and promotions and tenure, and encouraging women to move into administrative positions at South Dakota State University.
Alpha Zeta, a professional honorary fraternity in agriculture founded on November 4, 1897, at Ohio State University, established the South Dakota Chapter at South Dakota State College on February 25, 1924. Efforts to secure a charter began in 1919 when President Willis E. Johnson initiated correspondence with the national organization. During the application process, the prospective members operated as the Hopkins Club. After several attempts, the chapter was successfully chartered with 19 founding members, with support from President C. W. Pugsley and faculty affiliated with Alpha Zeta.
As part of a fraternity historically associated with land grant institutions, the South Dakota Chapter has recognized scholarship and leadership within agricultural and natural resource disciplines. The chapter has participated in campus activities and service initiatives consistent with the fraternity’s emphasis on leadership, fellowship, and professional development. Through its affiliation with the national organization, the chapter has remained part of a broader network promoting achievement in agriculture and related fields.
Activity V of the Title III Strengthening Institutions Program grant was designed to improve institutional management and enhance student services by fostering increased connectivity and communication within the academic community on campus.
Dr. Alfred Durham, a Kiwanis member, founded the Altrusa Institute in Nashville in 1917 during World War I, recognizing the need for women’s civic organizations. He organized clubs in Nashville, Louisville, and Dayton before meeting Mamie L. Bass in Indianapolis.
Mamie L. Bass, former Superintendent of the Women's Division of the U.S. Employment Services, envisioned a greater purpose for Altrusa. At the first convention in June 1918, Altrusa became a classified service organization for business and professional women, renamed the National Association of Altrusa Clubs. Bass authored the Principles of Altrusa, defining it as “a builder of women,” officially adopted in 1921. By 1922, there were 20 clubs.
Altrusa promoted vocational education for women, later expanding to scholarships and guidance for both young and older women. It became international in 1935 with a club in Mexico and soon expanded to other countries. In 1946, Altrusa sent its first representative to the United Nations.
In 1966, Altrusa founded ASTRA clubs for young women aged 13–21. Literacy became a permanent service focus in 1977, and in 1997, the Altrusa Foundation adopted Camp Safe Haven for children with HIV/AIDS. In 1989, Altrusa added environmental initiatives to its mission.
Today, Altrusa remains a community-based organization dedicated to local service—supporting shelters, youth, literacy, and housing projects. District Seven includes Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
The Brookings Branch of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded in 1931 with 37 members under Miss Gertrude Young. Full membership recognition for South Dakota State College (SDSC) graduates came in 1950 after sustained effort.
Early programs included promoting a kindergarten, which the branch ran in the city library basement from 1932 to 1941 before it joined the public school system. During World War II, members supported the war effort through ration distribution, Red Cross work, and material salvage. The branch has consistently contributed to the National Fellowship Fund through events such as bridge benefits, style shows, and sales of maps, books, and calendars.
Scholarships have long been a priority. A junior-year fellowship evolved in 1962 to awards for a high school senior and an incoming SDSC student. Following Miss Young’s death in 1964, these became the Gertrude Young-AAUW Scholarships.
Study groups have grown in importance. By 1954, groups covered child study, money management, international relations, music, and crafts. In 1963–64, the focus shifted to four areas: community problems, cultural interests, education, and world issues. These groups spurred action programs including support for educational television, international book distribution, special education initiatives, and engagement with legislative issues, particularly in education and women’s rights.
The Hoffman-Townsend Post No. 74 of the American Legion was established in Brookings, South Dakota, as a local chapter dedicated to supporting U.S. military veterans and fostering civic engagement. The Post was named in honor of two Brookings servicemen: Orr Hoffman, who died during World War I at Camp Funston, and Edwin Townsend, who died in World War II. Since its founding, Post 74 has played an active role in the Brookings community, sponsoring youth programs, hosting memorial events, and supporting local veterans.
The Post maintains a hall which serves as a venue for public events, fundraisers, and community gatherings. Among its civic contributions, the Post sponsors the Brookings Post 74 Bandits, a Senior American Legion baseball team, and participates in veteran-focused service initiatives and commemorative activities.
The Army Administration Schools, Enlisted Branch No. 3 at South Dakota State College was established on December 3, 1942. Initially designed to train clerks for general administrative duties in the Air Corps, the school graduated a total of eleven such classes. On May 19, 1943, a classification course was added, focusing primarily on classification subjects with some administrative training included. Six classes completed this segment of the program.
Students of the Army Administration School shared all South Dakota State College facilities with civilian students. The program fully occupied the Central Building, Old North Building, East Men’s Hall, West Men’s Hall, and Wecota Annex. For the convenience of the trainees, an exchange was maintained in East Men’s Hall. Health services for the command were provided by local physicians, thereby freeing military medical personnel for other assignments.
Military discipline and ceremonial practice were emphasized through close order drill and organized transitions between classes. Weekly retreat parades were conducted, some held in honor of visiting dignitaries. Each class had formal opening and closing exercises in the college auditorium. Additionally, in the fall of 1943, school personnel assisted with the regional harvest in the Brookings area, helping to meet labor shortages caused by the war.
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The Brookings Reconciliation Council was a community-based organization established in Brookings, South Dakota, in the early 1990s in response to statewide and local efforts to address historical injustices and improve relations between Native American and non-Native communities. Its formation followed South Dakota’s 1990 “Year of Reconciliation,” which encouraged dialogue, education, and community action around Native history, sovereignty, and civil rights.
Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, the Council served as a forum for discussion and advocacy on issues affecting Native communities, including education, land and sovereignty, cultural representation, violence, and economic concerns. The organization sponsored and participated in conferences, public events, and reconciliation initiatives, and worked with educators, civic leaders, and community groups to promote awareness and understanding. The Council remained active into the early twenty-first century, leaving a record of sustained local engagement with reconciliation and human rights issues in eastern South Dakota.
Rotary International is a global organization of business and professional leaders dedicated to humanitarian service, promoting high ethical standards in all vocations, and fostering goodwill and peace. The movement began in 1905 when four Chicago businessmen met to build fellowship within the business community. As membership grew, meetings rotated among members’ places of business, inspiring the name ""Rotary."" Rotary became international in 1910 with the formation of a club in Canada, and by 1921 it had expanded to every continent. The organization formally adopted the name Rotary International in 1922.
The Brookings Rotary Club was established in 1919 through the efforts of local businessmen Ivan Cobel and Clyde Hinkley, who believed a Rotary Club would help strengthen ties among the business community. With support from other local business leaders and sponsorship from the Watertown Rotary Club, the Brookings club received its charter on February 1, 1920. Arthur Stoll served as the first president, and the club began with 21 charter members.
Throughout its history, the Brookings Rotary Club has contributed significantly to local civic and youth initiatives. These include supplying instruments and uniforms to the Brookings High School band, sponsoring Boy Scouts and youth sports teams, and initiating the concept for the Brookings United Retirement Center. The club also helped establish the United Fund, provided equipment for the Brookings Hospital, and developed Rotary Park. Members have contributed to international efforts as well, including book drives for schools in South Africa and the Philippines, financial support for the Polio Plus campaign, and contributions to the Rotary International Foundation.
Brookings Rotarians have played an active role in the broader Rotary organization, with six members serving as District Governors. The club has sponsored young professionals for international group study exchanges and awards a four-year scholarship annually to a local student attending South Dakota State University. It also provides educational awards for students studying abroad.
The Brookings Rotary Club remains active today, supporting local projects and promoting fellowship and service among members from the business, industrial, and educational sectors. Weekly meetings continue to serve as a platform for community engagement and informative programs.
The Brookings Veterans Society was composed of discharged and separated members of the United States Armed Forces who were enrolled as students at South Dakota State University. In the preamble to its constitution, the society acknowledged its members’ dual roles as both veterans and students. Recognizing this unique perspective, they believed their primary responsibility was to support the interests and welfare of the broader student body. The society’s purpose, as outlined in its constitution, was to uphold the South Dakota State University Student Code and to support the educational mission of the institution. It sought to create a welcoming environment for new veteran students, offering help and assistance as they transitioned into university life. The organization also aimed to provide information and encourage discussion on legislation, current events, and political issues affecting the university, the state, the nation, and the world. Additionally, the society worked to advocate for the general interests of veterans and other students on campus, to improve classroom and residential facilities, and to encourage veterans to enroll in, remain at, or return to South Dakota State University.
The Milwaukee Road, officially known as the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMSP&P RR), was a Class I railroad that operated across the Midwest and northwestern United States from its founding in 1847 until its merger with the Soo Line Railroad in 1985–1986. Over its history, the company underwent several name changes and periods of bankruptcy. Although it no longer exists as a separate entity, its legacy is preserved through landmarks such as the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and through preserved equipment like the Milwaukee Road 261 steam locomotive.
Originally incorporated as the Milwaukee and Waukesha Railroad in 1847, the company soon changed its name to the Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad. Its first rail line, connecting Milwaukee and Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, opened in 1850, with passenger service beginning on February 25, 1851. The name was changed in 1874 to the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, and by 1887, it had expanded lines through Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, South Dakota, and Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.
Efforts to organize higher education faculty in South Dakota occurred throughout the mid twentieth century, including attempts by the American Association of University Professors and the South Dakota Higher Education Faculty Association. Although those early initiatives were not sustained, they contributed to the formation of the Council of Higher Education (COHE). In 1978, the South Dakota Board of Regents formally recognized COHE as the exclusive representative for collective bargaining on behalf of eligible higher education faculty.
COHE represents full time and regular part time instructional and research faculty within the South Dakota Board of Regents system, including faculty at South Dakota State University, the Agricultural Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Service, Auxiliary Services, and designated state educational institutions. Supervisory and managerial personnel and certain professional categories are excluded from the bargaining unit. As the recognized bargaining representative, COHE negotiates agreements related to compensation, workload, grievance procedures, and other terms and conditions of employment within the state’s public higher education system.
The South Dakota State University Dairy Club is a student organization affiliated with the Department of Dairy and Food Science and has been active for several decades. Established to unite students interested in dairying, regardless of major, the club has supported professional development, industry engagement, and applied learning opportunities connected to the university’s dairy science program, which dates to the late nineteenth century.
The club has organized regular meetings, guest lectures, farm tours, judging contests, and product evaluation activities to enhance student experience beyond the classroom. It has participated in regional and national competitions and hosted events such as the Midwest Regional Dairy Challenge. Fundraising initiatives, including the Holiday Cheese Box Sale, have supported scholarships, travel, and programming. The club has also engaged in youth outreach through initiatives such as the Jackrabbit Dairy Camp. Through these activities, the Dairy Club has contributed to student involvement in dairy production, manufacturing, and industry relations.
The Dakota Agricultural College Board of Regents was established in 1881 by the Dakota Territory to oversee the founding and governance of a land-grant college in Brookings, later known as South Dakota State University. During the territorial period, the Governor of Dakota Territory served on multiple institutional boards, including that of the agricultural college, actively shaping educational policy between 1883 and 1889.
The board appointed George W. Lilley as the college’s first president in 1884, under whose leadership the first permanent buildings were erected and academic programs were initiated. In 1885, James Plummer Day, a Civil War veteran and legislator, was appointed to the college's Board of Trustees and remained involved through the transition to statehood.
Following South Dakota’s admission to the Union in 1889, the newly formed South Dakota Board of Regents assumed oversight of all state higher education institutions, including Dakota Agricultural College. Day and other early trustees continued their service under the restructured governance model. This early board laid the foundational policies for curriculum, facilities, land use, and administrative structure that would shape the development of the institution for decades to come.
Founded in 1881, the college opened its first building, Old Central, in 1883. During these formative decades, campus infrastructure was limited, and student housing options were modest. In many land-grant institutions of the era, boarding clubs were student-organized cooperatives in which members pooled resources to secure lodging and meals at lower cost. These arrangements often operated independently of formal university oversight and were created out of economic necessity, particularly for students from rural backgrounds.
The Dakota Farmer was established in 1881, eight years before North and South Dakota achieved statehood. It was first published in Alexandria, in what is now Hanson County, South Dakota, by founder James Baynes. Within its first year, Baynes sold the publication to Augustine Davis, who relocated operations to Huron, South Dakota. In 1883, Davis sold a half-interest to William Bushnell, who became sole proprietor by 1885.
Under Bushnell’s leadership as editor and manager, The Dakota Farmer gained early prominence. The publication relocated to Aberdeen in 1893 and became a vocal supporter of agricultural development in the region. It advocated for improved livestock, crop quality, and the advancement of local farm organizations. Bushnell’s influence extended beyond publishing—he was active in public affairs and later served as state statistician for South Dakota.
Over the following century, The Dakota Farmer continued to evolve with its readership, providing trusted agricultural news and guidance through changing economic and environmental conditions. In 1979, the magazine was acquired by Webb Publishing, which viewed it as a natural complement to its flagship title, The Farmer.
Today, The Dakota Farmer is part of Farm Progress Companies, a leading publisher of agricultural media. Farm Progress oversees 18 state-specific farm magazines and operates eight major farm shows across the country, including the nationally recognized Farm Progress Show.
Daktronics, Inc. was founded on December 9, 1968, in Brookings, South Dakota, by South Dakota State University electrical engineering professors Dr. Aelred Kurtenbach and Dr. Duane Sander. Initially focused on biomedical instrumentation, the company shifted direction in 1970 after developing an electronic voting system for the Utah Legislature. In 1971 Daktronics produced its first scoreboard, the three-sided “Matside” wrestling scoreboard, which led to the development of the widely used “All Sport” line and the company’s expansion into electronic display systems for sports venues, commercial spaces, and public events.
The Daktronics Records document the company’s growth from a regional startup to an international leader in electronic scoreboards and digital display technology. Materials include newsletters, reports, and promotional publications that reflect product development, corporate culture, and public relations activities. The collection also documents Daktronics’ involvement in major international events, including the 1980 Winter Olympics and the Holmenkollen Ski Festival.
The collection illustrates the technological and economic impact of a South Dakota–based company closely connected to South Dakota State University and provides research value for the study of regional entrepreneurship, corporate communications, and the development of electronic display systems used in sports and public venues.
Delta Kappa Gamma is an international honorary society of women educators founded in 1929 in Austin, Texas, by educator Annie Webb Blanton and eleven colleagues. The organization was established to promote professional and personal growth among women educators and to support excellence in education through scholarship, leadership, and service. From its beginnings, Delta Kappa Gamma developed a structure of local chapters organized within state organizations and connected through an international body, allowing members to participate in professional activities at the local, state, and international levels.
The society expanded rapidly during the mid-twentieth century as chapters were organized across the United States, including in South Dakota. The Delta Kappa Gamma Society of South Dakota was formed as part of this broader growth, bringing together women educators from schools, colleges, and universities across the state. Through local chapters and statewide meetings, members have promoted fellowship among educators, supported professional development, and recognized distinguished service in education. The South Dakota organization has also sponsored scholarships and educational initiatives while providing opportunities for members to engage in educational leadership and advocacy within the state and the larger international society.
Established in 1955, the Eastern South Dakota Science and Engineering Fair (ESDSEF) has served as a regional showcase for student research at South Dakota State University. Held each spring, the fair invites students in grades 6 through 12 to present independent scientific investigations across a wide range of disciplines. As an affiliated regional event of the International Science and Engineering Fair, projects are evaluated according to established scientific review, safety, and ethical standards, with top competitors advancing to national and international levels of competition.
Administered by a Fair Director and committee in collaboration with the SDSU chapter of Sigma Xi, the fair reflects a longstanding partnership between the university and the broader scientific community. Sponsorship has included Sigma Xi, South Dakota State University, the Division of Continuing Education, the Greater State Fund, and the SDSU Foundation. Over time, the event has been hosted in various campus venues, including Club 71 at Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium, accommodating hundreds of student participants and judges.
Through medals, trophies, scholarships, and sponsored awards, the fair promotes STEM education and encourages young scholars to pursue scientific inquiry. For more than half a century, it has functioned as both an academic competition and a significant outreach initiative, strengthening connections between SDSU and schools across eastern South Dakota while fostering the next generation of researchers and innovators.
In the fall of 1952, a group of faculty members, with the support of the South Dakota State College administration, organized a private stock corporation to address the growing need for faculty housing. The corporation aimed to acquire property and construct apartment buildings primarily for faculty rental, with assistance from the Federal Housing Administration. It developed and owned two six-unit apartment buildings located north of Sixth Street between 16th and 17th Avenues, across from Hillcrest Park. The Faculty Housing Company operated until January 21, 1963, when stockholders voted to dissolve the corporation at a special meeting.
The Freemasons. Grand Lodge of the State of South Dakota is the governing body for Freemasonry in South Dakota. Established shortly after South Dakota achieved statehood in 1889, the Grand Lodge oversees the activities of local Masonic lodges across the state, setting regulations, granting charters, and organizing statewide events and communications. Freemasonry, a fraternal organization with historical roots in medieval stonemason guilds, emphasizes moral and spiritual development, brotherhood, charity, and civic responsibility.
In South Dakota, the Grand Lodge publishes materials such as proceedings of annual communications, newsletters, ritual guides, and historical summaries, which document the administrative and ceremonial activities of Masons in the state. These publications also often include member directories, lodge reports, and commemorative content related to Masonic anniversaries and public service. The Grand Lodge has historically played a role in community leadership and philanthropy throughout South Dakota.
The Scotland, South Dakota chapter of the Future Farmers of America (FFA) is an active organization dedicated to promoting agricultural education and leadership among high school students. Established in the mid-20th century, the chapter has a long-standing tradition of excellence in FFA judging competitions, community service, and student leadership development. Under the guidance of dedicated advisors, the Scotland FFA has produced numerous state contest winners and alumni who have gone on to leadership roles in agricultural education and industry. The chapter remains a vital part of the Scotland School District and continues to participate in local, state, and national FFA programs.
Gamma Sigma Delta, the Honor Society of Agriculture, established its South Dakota State University chapter on May 27, 1958. The organization recognizes high standards of scholarship and achievement in agriculture and related disciplines, including forestry and natural resources. The chapter was formed to promote academic excellence, professionalism, and service within the university’s agricultural programs.
The SDSU chapter has participated in national activities of the society, including hosting the national conclave in 1974 under the theme “Agriculture in the Modern World.” Chapter members have received recognition at both the national and international levels, including awards for distinguished service to agriculture. Through its activities and recognition programs, the chapter has supported scholarly and professional achievement within the agricultural community.
Field of Activity: Geography
Delta Zeta Chapter (South Dakota State University)
The Geography Club at South Dakota State University developed following the reestablishment of the geography major in 1967. As interest in the program expanded, students organized a club to promote professional engagement in the discipline. On March 2, 1970, the Delta Zeta Chapter of Gamma Theta Upsilon, the international geography honor society, was chartered at the university, providing a formal structure for student involvement and academic recognition.
The organization was established to promote professional interest in geography, encourage student research, and provide academic and social opportunities beyond the classroom. Membership requirements included completion of geography coursework and demonstrated academic achievement. In 1970, the chapter initiated the South Dakota State Geography Convention to foster collaboration among students and professionals in the field. The convention later expanded in scope and duration, becoming a recurring event associated with the club’s activities. Through meetings, events, and sponsored programming, the Geography Club and Gamma Theta Upsilon chapter have supported student development within the Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences.
Propaganda played a prominent role in German political and social life during the twentieth century, particularly during the two World Wars. During World War I, Germany, like other major powers, produced propaganda posters to mobilize public support for the war effort. These posters encouraged military enlistment, promoted civilian participation and sacrifice, and often employed patriotic imagery and appeals to national duty, sometimes accompanied by anti-Allied messaging.
In the years preceding and during World War II, propaganda became a central instrument of state policy under the Nazi regime. Directed by Joseph Goebbels, the Ministry of Propaganda oversaw a comprehensive system that controlled newspapers, films, radio broadcasts, and visual media. Posters were widely used because they could quickly communicate messages to broad audiences in public spaces.
Nazi propaganda posters served multiple purposes, including promoting the leadership of Adolf Hitler and the ideology of the Nazi Party. They were designed to advance themes of Aryan racial ideology and German nationalism, justify military expansion, encourage public sacrifice for the war effort, and spread antisemitic, anti-communist, and anti-Allied messages. Many posters emphasized unity, discipline, and loyalty among both civilians and soldiers.
Visually, these posters often relied on bold compositions, heroic figures, and dramatic imagery. Designers frequently used symbolic color schemes, particularly red, black, and white, alongside emotionally charged slogans intended to shape public opinion and reinforce ideological conformity.
Following the end of World War II, Allied authorities confiscated large quantities of Nazi propaganda materials. These materials were examined as evidence of psychological warfare and state-directed indoctrination. Today, historians study such posters as examples of how visual media functioned within authoritarian systems and as historical documentation of propaganda’s influence on public perception.
In 1965, Paul McConaughy sought an inexpensive method for producing limited-edition watercolor prints. He tested his idea at his alma mater by creating a series of prints depicting buildings at Cornell University. The prints were immediately popular, leading to the formation of the College Watercolor Group. The group soon expanded production to include affordable watercolor prints of college buildings from across the United States.
Modeled after the nineteenth-century approach used by Currier and Ives, the process began with a pen-and-ink drawing of a building, which was reproduced as an 8 x 10 lithograph on watercolor paper. Artists then hand-colored each print. The group offered limited-edition sets of four scenes as well as larger individual prints, available framed or unframed.
As professional artists joined the staff, the overall quality of the work improved significantly. One artist, E. B. Walden, began signing his prints using the surname Gray, derived from the watercolor pigment Davy’s Gray. Other artists adopted the same surname while using different first names, with Walden signing as Davis Gray. More than a dozen artists eventually used the Gray name, and this naming convention led to the business becoming known as Gray’s Watercolors.
The university library at South Dakota State University developed alongside the growth of the institution and its academic programs. The library began in the fall of 1885, when two rooms on the second floor of Old Central were designated as reading rooms and housed a small reference collection of approximately 500 volumes. Early library administration was informal, with faculty members and students sharing responsibilities. The first book purchase occurred in 1886, and by the 1887–1888 academic year the collection had grown to more than 2,000 volumes. Continued expansion through donations and purchases increased the holdings to approximately 35,000 bound volumes by 1925.
In 1927, the library moved into the newly constructed Lincoln Memorial Library, the first land grant college library in the state dedicated to President Abraham Lincoln and the first building in South Dakota financed through a cigarette tax. The facility included reading rooms, classrooms, seminar rooms, and stack space, and it also housed academic departments as campus needs evolved. Collection growth accelerated following World War II and the establishment of doctoral programs in the mid 1950s, placing increasing pressure on available space. After years of study and planning, a new library building was completed in 1977 and named Hilton M. Briggs Library in honor of the university’s longest serving president, who led major campus expansion efforts. Since that time, the library has served as the university’s main academic library, supporting instruction, research, and preservation of institutional and regional history through its collections, archives, and digital resources.
Hugill, Blatherwick, Fritzel, Kroeger, Griffin & Berg was a prominent South Dakota architectural firm whose evolution spanned much of the 20th century.
The firm began in 1921 when George C. Hugill and Wilfred F. Blatherwick established Hugill & Blatherwick in Sioux Falls. Both men were formally trained architects with experience in civic, educational, and ecclesiastical design. Over the next two decades, the firm became known for designing county courthouses, churches, schools, and public buildings throughout South Dakota, with several projects later listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
In 1946, Wendell C. Fritzel joined as partner, forming Hugill, Blatherwick & Fritzel. Jean R. Kroeger entered in 1956, expanding the firm’s scope and reputation as Hugill, Blatherwick, Fritzel & Kroeger. After the deaths of Hugill and Blatherwick in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Edward L. Griffin and Milton L. Berg joined, and the firm continued under the name Fritzel, Kroeger, Griffin & Berg.
Throughout these transitions, the firm remained influential in shaping South Dakota’s built environment, contributing notable designs for universities, civic centers, schools, religious institutions, and airports. In 1985, the practice transitioned into Holman Beck Associates, which later became Holman & Associates, continuing operations until its closure in 2009.
Over nearly nine decades, the firm and its successors left a ignificant architectural legacy across the region, blending early 20th-century classicism with mid-century modernism in their wide-ranging portfolio.
The Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.) originated in England during the 18th century as a fraternal organization dedicated to mutual aid and charitable support among its members. The order was established in the United States in 1819 when Thomas Wildey organized the first American lodge in Baltimore, Maryland. The organization promotes the principles of Friendship, Love, and Truth and seeks to unite individuals in providing assistance to one another and to their communities.
As the movement expanded across the United States, lodges were established throughout the Dakota Territory and later South Dakota. The Grand Encampment of South Dakota served as the statewide governing body for the encampment branch of the Odd Fellows, which represents an advanced level of membership within the organization. The encampments oversaw ritual work, membership activities, and charitable initiatives, contributing to the broader mission of community service and mutual support.
The Academic Women's Equity Coalition was established at South Dakota State University during the 1983–1984 academic year in response to informal conversations among faculty members concerned with workplace policies and professional opportunities. Open to all faculty and supporters of its mission, the coalition aimed to promote equity in hiring, salary, promotion, and tenure practices. It provided a forum for discussing faculty experiences, identifying institutional barriers, and fostering professional development.
The coalition advocated for clear, consistent communication in professional contexts and supported faculty interested in administrative advancement. Through these efforts, it contributed to institutional conversations about fairness, transparency, and career progression within the university setting.
The National Association of Retired Federal Employees (NARFE) is a nonprofit organization that advocates for the rights and benefits of retired federal employees and their families at the local, state, and national levels. The Big Sioux Chapter (Chapter 0872), based in Brookings, South Dakota, is part of the South Dakota Federation of NARFE chapters. Although currently inactive, the chapter has previously served members in the region through advocacy, community engagement, and information-sharing.
On January 20, 1933, a group of women met at the home of Mrs. A.H. Hoppe to organize a music club under the auspices of the American Association of University Women. They adopted the four-year study program of the National Federation of Music Clubs. In 1934, the club became officially affiliated with the Federation. The organization's goals were to promote mutual support among members and to advance music within the community.
The Oak Lake Writers’ Society was founded in the early 1990s in Brookings, South Dakota, through the efforts of Dakota scholar and writer Elizabeth Cook-Lynn and colleagues at South Dakota State University. The organization emerged from a series of writers’ gatherings and retreats held at the university’s Oak Lake Field Station, located north of Brookings. These gatherings brought together Indigenous writers from across the Northern Plains to share work, discuss literary traditions, and address issues related to Native representation in literature and scholarship.
The society was established to support and promote the work of Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota writers and to encourage the development of Indigenous literary voices in the region. Through workshops, readings, and collaborative discussion, the group created a forum where writers could explore topics such as tribal history, cultural identity, sovereignty, and the preservation of oral traditions through written forms. The Oak Lake retreats provided an important space for mentorship and professional development, connecting established writers with emerging authors from tribal communities throughout South Dakota and neighboring states.
Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, the Oak Lake Writers’ Society organized annual writers’ retreats and related programs that emphasized Indigenous perspectives in literature and scholarship. Participants included poets, fiction writers, historians, and scholars whose work addressed the cultural, political, and historical experiences of Native nations in the Northern Plains. The organization contributed to the broader development of Native literary studies and helped strengthen networks among Indigenous writers and intellectuals.
Over time, the society’s mission expanded to reflect the collective identity of the Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota peoples, known collectively as the Oceti Šakówiŋ, or Seven Council Fires. The organization eventually adopted the name Oceti Sakowin Writers Society, continuing its work of supporting Indigenous writers and promoting literature grounded in the histories, cultures, and contemporary experiences of the Oceti Šakówiŋ nations. Today, the organization continues to sponsor writers’ retreats and literary initiatives that encourage the preservation and advancement of Indigenous storytelling and scholarship.
The South Dakota State University chapter of the Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi has recognized academic excellence across all disciplines since at least 1949. Phi Kappa Phi, founded nationally in 1897, is a collegiate honor society that promotes superior scholarship without restriction to a specific academic field. While the exact charter date of the SDSU chapter is not documented, records indicate sustained activity on campus over several decades.
The chapter has organized initiation ceremonies, academic banquets, faculty lectures, and student recognition events in support of its mission to honor scholarly achievement and encourage academic distinction. Through these activities, the chapter has maintained a continuing presence within the university community and contributed to the recognition of high academic performance among students and faculty.
In 1933, students at South Dakota State College began laying the groundwork to apply for a charter with Phi Upsilon Omicron, the Home Economics Honor Society. Encouraged by Dean Edith Pierson and Laura McArthur—who taught Home Economics Education and was an alumna of Alpha Chapter—the students received guidance and access to valuable contacts to support their efforts.
After much preparation, Phi Chapter was officially chartered on May 19, 1934, just one week before the senior students graduated. Members of Alpha and Beta Chapters organized the installation ceremony, which was conducted by Priscilla Rowland, National President of Phi U. The event took place in the Foods Laboratory, then located in the Administration Building.
The first president of Phi Chapter was Merle (La Mont) Gunsalus, a junior at the time of installation. Several students were initiated during the May 1934 ceremony, marking the beginning of the chapter’s long-standing presence on campus.
As of 2008, Phi Upsilon Omicron is recognized as a Family and Consumer Sciences Honor Society, dedicated to promoting professional development and community service. Membership in Phi U is both an honor and a commitment to active engagement in the organization’s initiatives.
One of the society’s core goals is to help members grow as professionals—not only through academic achievement, but also through involvement in meaningful activities and experiences. Each year, Phi U carries out a professional project that encourages student involvement on campus and within the local community. In addition, the chapter maintains connections with its alumni through joint activities and events.
Students who have completed at least 40 credit hours and maintain a GPA of 3.2 or higher are eligible for invitation to join. In evaluating prospective members, the chapter seeks individuals who demonstrate excellence in scholarship, leadership, and service.
The Prairie Repertory Theatre was founded by students and faculty in 1971 after the relocation of the Oldham Opera House. The Prairie Repertory Theatre was created through collaboration by the Prairie Historical Society and South Dakota State University in order to present a joint summer theater season. The Prairie Repertory Theatre has worked to encourage theatrical talents in the community and continue the historic tradition bringing theater to the communities in South Dakota.
The Prairie Repertory Theater presents four plays a summer for a duration of six weeks a play at SDSU in Brookings and at Prairie Village near Madison, SD and recently celebrated their 50th year of theater productions.
The Prairie Striders Running Club was founded in Brookings, South Dakota, in 1969 by community members Jay Dirksen, Russ Strande, Howard Sauer, Lyle Derscheid, Keith Morrill, Bruce Berger, Lornie Bartling, Bob Bartling, Harvey Mills, Scott Underwood, Don Solsvig, and Jim Egeberg.
A non-profit organization affiliated with the Amateur Athletic Union, the club aims to unite running enthusiasts and promote the sport throughout South Dakota. It hosts various local races, including 5K, 8K, the Jackrabbit 15, and the Longest Day Marathon.
The club also publishes a newsletter and offers running resources to its members. These include coverage of club events, state high school meets, regional collegiate races, and national competitions involving members and their families, along with record-breaking performances and historical insights from the world of competitive running.
Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located in Brown County, northeastern South Dakota, near the city of Columbia. It was established in 1935 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. Encompassing over 21,000 acres of wetlands, grasslands, and open water, the refuge was created to protect and enhance migratory bird habitat, particularly for waterfowl.
It is recognized as a Globally Important Bird Area and a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. Sand Lake provides critical breeding, nesting, and migratory stopover habitat for hundreds of bird species, including ducks, geese, herons, and endangered whooping cranes. The refuge also supports a variety of mammals, amphibians, and fish species.
The refuge is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and includes facilities for research, conservation, and public recreation, such as birdwatching, environmental education, photography, and regulated hunting and fishing.
The Saturday Literary Club, founded in 1897 with 14 members, was the first women’s club organized in Brookings, South Dakota. Dedicated to social engagement and cultural enrichment, the club played a significant role in the community’s intellectual life.
Scabbard and Blade is a national collegiate military honor society founded in 1904 at the University of Wisconsin to recognize outstanding ROTC cadets and promote excellence in military training. The South Dakota State College chapter, designated as Company I, 6th Regiment, was installed on May 15, 1927. The organization sought to raise the standard of military drill and instruction in colleges, strengthen cooperation among military departments, encourage the development of capable officers, and foster fellowship among cadets.
Membership was open to ROTC cadets enrolled in the advanced course and was based on demonstrated qualities including efficiency, patriotism, honor, courage, obedience, and good fellowship. The chapter functioned as an honorary organization within the military science program and remained active at South Dakota State University until sometime in the 1970s.
The Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Junior Chamber of Commerce (Jaycees) Summer Track Program began in 1969. It was part of the ""1969 Junior Champ Track Program,"" held in ten cities across South Dakota and sponsored by the South Dakota Jaycees and the Spader Camper Center of Brookings. Stan Jensen of Brookings served as the program’s chairman.
The program aimed to give youth the opportunity “to run, jump, or throw” and to experience the enjoyment, recreation, and sense of well-being associated with physical activity and fitness. It culminated in a state championship for boys and girls aged 15 to 18, with winners qualifying for the 6th/5th Annual U.S. Jaycee Junior Track and Field Championships at the University of Minnesota. Food, lodging, and transportation were provided by the sponsors.
From 1970 to 1973, the South Dakota Jaycees and the American Dairy Association of South Dakota continued supporting the Junior Track Program, with state meets held in Brookings.
The Sioux Falls Jaycees Developmental Meets, affiliated with the Sioux Falls Recreation Department and directed by Rich Greeno, were held from 1974 to 1976 and had reached their eighth year by then.
The South Dakota State University (SDSU) Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ) was established in 1937. SPJ, originally founded as Sigma Delta Chi in 1901, is a national journalism organization committed to promoting ethical standards, defending First Amendment rights, and fostering the free flow of information vital to a democratic society.
From 1940 through the mid-1970s, the SDSU chapter produced The Bum and The Junior Bum—game-day programs for Jackrabbit football and basketball, respectively. The Bum was prominently associated with Hobo Day festivities. Revenue from these publications supported the chapter’s annual travel to Sigma Delta Chi national conventions.
In the mid-1970s, the chapter lost official sponsorship from the national SPJ organization, rendering continued publication of the programs financially unsustainable. Responsibility for producing The Bum and The Junior Bum was subsequently transferred to the Jackrabbit Sports Information Service within the SDSU Athletic Department. Archival copies of The Bum can be found in the Jackrabbit Sports Information Service Records (UA 46).
The scientific research society Sigma Xi is an honorary organization dedicated to encouraging original investigations in the pure and applied sciences.
In the 1940s, faculty members at South Dakota State University formed the Natural Science Research Club. Meeting monthly, members shared reports on their research to foster awareness of ongoing work, promote discussion, and encourage scholarly activity among faculty. The club served as a platform for exchanging ideas and supporting a culture of research on campus.
Recognizing the benefits of broader affiliation, members of the club voted in 1952–53 to affiliate with Sigma Xi as a local club. This affiliation allowed them to maintain their existing activities while gaining formal recognition and access to the national organization’s network.
Membership grew significantly in the following years, aided by the arrival of new faculty who held Sigma Xi membership from other institutions. By 1959, the club was deemed ready for elevation to full chapter status. A formal petition was submitted in 1960, and chapter status was officially granted in May 1961.
Sokota Hybrid Producers, Inc. was a South Dakota-based agricultural cooperative that supplied hybrid seed corn to farmers in South Dakota and neighboring states. The organization traces its origins to 1924, when Clifford Franzke, an agronomist with the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, began inbreeding local corn varieties to develop hybrids suited to the regional climate. In 1942, a new hybrid seed was released to farmers, and efforts to standardize seed grading were initiated by Fred Baldridge, a retired farmer.
The cooperative formally incorporated in 1944, with 24 farmers purchasing certificates of equity to establish the organization. E.G. Sanderson served as its first president. In 1945, W.L. Davis, a vocational agriculture instructor in Brookings, became manager and oversaw construction of Sokota’s processing plant in southern Brookings. Davis remained in the position for nearly 35 years.
By the late 1970s and early 1980s, Sokota operated one of the largest corn breeding programs in the region, reportedly exceeding the scope of similar efforts at South Dakota State University. The cooperative was sold in 1985 to North American Plant Breeders, marking the end of its independent operations.
Also known as Commercial Science, the Department of Commerce at South Dakota State University existed in the early 1900s and disappeared from college catalogs around 1903. The department offered both secretarial and commercial courses. Secretarial instruction included business law, commercial methods (such as letter writing and filing), typewriting, money and banking, shorthand, and accounting. Commercial courses covered topics such as bookkeeping, business methods, commerce and industry, business affairs, and related subjects.
The Faculty Round Table was established on November 1, 1901, with the purpose of fostering professional and social engagement among its members. Membership was limited to the college’s faculty and instructors, along with their spouses. The group held regular monthly meetings during the academic year, with the goal of encouraging intellectual exchange through the presentation and discussion of scholarly papers.
The Hatch Act of 1887 established the Agricultural Experiment Station and required all colleges created under the Morrill Act of 1862 to form a department designated as an Agricultural Experiment Station. These stations were tasked with acquiring and disseminating practical and useful agricultural information for the people of the United States, as well as promoting scientific investigation and experimentation. The act required annual reports from all stations and the distribution of periodic bulletins or progress reports. Federal funds supported this work, and in 1887 Dakota Agricultural College, the predecessor of South Dakota State University, established its Agricultural Experiment Station in accordance with these requirements.
Today, much of the station’s research is conducted in Brookings, with additional work carried out at six field stations and at the West River Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Rapid City. Field stations address local or specialized agricultural problems, and further research is conducted on farms and ranches, in wildlife areas, in streams and reservoirs, and in cooperation with businesses and institutions across nearly every county in the state.
The research program of the College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences is based on structured experiments that provide new knowledge and service to the citizens of South Dakota. This information is used by farmers, ranchers, homemakers, industry, university classrooms, and extension education programs. Research covers livestock; crops and soils; community and public affairs; animal health; fertilizers; garden and orchard; home and consumer topics; water resources and irrigation; forestry; insects; farm machinery; marketing; business management; farm buildings; pollution; range and grass; fisheries; plant diseases; wildlife; sociology; and biostress in plants, animals, and humans. Funding is provided through state and federal appropriations, industry grants, and federal and state grants. Research findings are published in Experiment Station or Extension bulletins, scientific journals, and in the quarterly publication Farm and Home Research.
The South Dakota Agricultural Heritage Museum was established in 1967 by South Dakota State University (SDSU). From 1975 to 1995, it operated as a program of the South Dakota State Historical Society. In April 1995, the museum was reaffiliated with SDSU and now reports directly to the Vice President for Administration.
The museum is dedicated to preserving, studying, and interpreting materials related to South Dakota agriculture and rural life from 1860 to the present. Its scope includes agricultural technologies, crops, livestock, and the social, cultural, and institutional aspects that have influenced and been influenced by the state’s rural environment. The museum’s permanent and part-time staff carry out key museum functions, including collecting, restoring and preserving, researching, exhibiting, and interpreting items relevant to its mission.
In 1947, the South Dakota General Federation of Women's Clubs voted to raise funds for an art center to provide the people of South Dakota with a dedicated space to view works of art. In 1950, the Federation selected the campus of South Dakota State College in Brookings as the location for the facility. Construction began in 1969, and the Memorial Art Center was dedicated in 1970. In 1976, it became the first museum in South Dakota to receive accreditation from the American Association of Museums. Reflecting its expanded programming and statewide role, the South Dakota Board of Regents renamed the institution the South Dakota Art Museum in 1987.
The museum's mission is to collect and preserve works of art that represent South Dakota’s diverse artistic heritage. The tradition of building the museum’s collection began with a donation from the Women’s Club at the time of the building’s completion. Additional acquisitions were made through support from the South Dakota State University Alumni Association and the South Dakota Arts Council. The museum’s permanent collection has since grown through both purchases and private donations, and it serves as a key resource for exhibitions, educational outreach, and scholarly research.
The South Dakota Art Museum features galleries dedicated to works by Harvey Dunn, Oscar Howe, Native American tribal art, and Marghab Linens. Additional galleries host rotating exhibitions showcasing a range of themes, media, and artistic styles. The museum also offers public programming including lectures, exhibition briefings, receptions, children’s activities, films, and other events.
Home economics extension work in South Dakota developed through neighborhood and community clubs, often organized at the county level and coordinated by county demonstration councils that advised local home demonstration agents. A state council met annually during State Farm and Home Week to share recommendations and guide programming. Early efforts grew out of Farmers’ Institutes and local women’s clubs, which provided educational programs on farm and home topics in rural communities.
After passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914, Venia Keller became the state’s first female Extension worker, linking Extension work with homemakers’ clubs and public demonstrations. Home demonstration programs expanded during World War I through federal funding that supported county agents promoting food conservation and home production. Growth continued in the 1920s with new clubs, leader training, and expanded instruction in food, clothing, and home management.
In 1928 the Capper-Ketcham Act increased funding for Extension work, and the South Dakota Federation of Home Demonstration Clubs was organized at the State Fair. The Federation encouraged participation from local clubs, coordinated statewide meetings, and supported educational projects and contests. District meetings introduced during the Great Depression helped reduce travel costs and continued into the 1940s.
By the mid-twentieth century, clubs also supported charitable and educational initiatives, including sponsoring an international exchange student and contributing to organizations such as the Crippled Children’s Hospital and the South Dakota Art Museum. Although the organization’s name changed over time, its purpose remained consistent: supporting education, strengthening local participation, and improving home and community life.
Formed in 1971, the South Dakota Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women was a state-level governing body for collegiate women’s athletics in South Dakota. It organized competitions, coordinated with national organizations such as the Division for Girls’ and Women’s Sports and the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, and worked to standardize competition and promote women’s athletic programs across the state. Membership included most public and private institutions in South Dakota. The association concluded its activities in June 1982 as national governance shifted, particularly with the NCAA assuming responsibility for women’s athletics. Its work marked an important transitional period during the early implementation of federally mandated equity in collegiate sports.
In 1890, the South Dakota Legislature established a governing board for higher education, creating a nine-member Board of Regents appointed by the governor and officially known as the Regents of Education. This board operated in conjunction with each institution’s individual Board of Trustees, which retained primary authority over local decision-making and institutional operations.
This dual system of governance continued for six years. However, administrative inefficiencies and conflicting oversight prompted legislative reform. In November 1896, the South Dakota Constitution was amended to establish a single, centralized five-member Board of Regents with full authority over all public educational institutions in the state.
Over time, the Board’s structure evolved. Today, the South Dakota Board of Regents is composed of nine members, including one student regent. Regular regents serve six-year terms, while the student regent serves a two-year term. The Board acts as the constitutional governing body for six public universities and two special schools in South Dakota. Its responsibilities include approving institutional budgets, curricula, faculty appointments, and salary structures, among other governance duties.