
Identity elements
Reference code
Name and location of repository
Level of description
Title
Date(s)
- 1862, 1901, 1925-2021, undated (Accumulation)
Extent
24.27 linear feet [26 document cases, 3 oversize boxes]
Name of creator
Biographical history
Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve (s-navy) (b. February 21, 1933) is an acclaimed Lakota writer, educator, and historian, renowned for her contributions to Native American literature and cul-tural preservation. Raised on the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota, she is an enrolled member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe. She attended Bureau of Indian Affairs day schools and graduated from St. Mary's Episcopal High School for Indian Girls in Springfield, South Dakota, in 1950.
She earned a Bachelor of Science degree from South Dakota State University in 1954 and initially worked as an English and music teacher in White, SD, and later in Pierre, SD. After a period as a full-time homemaker raising three children, she resumed teaching in 1965 at Flandreau Indian School, where she taught English, speech, and drama before becoming a guidance counselor. In 1969, she obtained a Master of Education degree from South Dakota State University.
Sneve’s literary career began in 1971 when her manuscript Jimmy Yellow Hawk won a con-test held by the Council on Interracial Books. Following this success, she secured a publish-ing contract with Holiday House, which published Jimmy Yellow Hawk and High Elk’s Treas-ure in 1972. Expanding into non-fiction, she edited South Dakota Geographic Names and au-thored The Dakota’s Heritage in 1973. Over the years, she has published widely, including a history of the Episcopal Church in South Dakota, as well as Completing the Circle (1995) and The First Americans Series, a historical series on Native American tribes.
Her work has earned numerous accolades, including the South Dakota Governor’s Award in the Arts for Distinction in Creative Achievement, the South Dakota Humanities Council Distin-guished Achievement in the Humanities Award, and honorary doctorates from South Dakota State University and Dakota Wesleyan University. In 1996, she received the National Educa-tion Association’s Author/Illustrator Award, and in 2000, she became the first South Dakotan to receive the National Humanities Medal, presented by President Bill Clinton.
Sneve has been an influential voice in literary circles, speaking at literary festivals, Interna-tional Reading Association events, the National Book Festival (2002), and the Native Writers Series at the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian (2005). With a prolific ca-reer spanning decade, she has authored fiction, non-fiction, short stories, articles, editorials, and book introductions, solidifying her legacy as a significant voice in Native American litera-ture.
Content and structure elements
Scope and content
The Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve Papers document the literary career, research, and advo-cacy of the acclaimed Lakota writer, educator, and historian. Spanning from the 1960s to the 2020s, the collection includes manuscripts, correspondence, research materials, and pub-lished works that reflect her dedication to Native American storytelling and cultural preservation. It offers a comprehensive look at her contributions to literature, education, and Indige-nous representation.
The Creative Writing series contains fiction and non-fiction works, including Completing the Circle, The Medicine Bag, Dancing Teepees, Standing Bear of the Ponca, and Sioux Women. Each work is accompanied by manuscripts, clippings, correspondence, research notes, print-er’s galleys, proofs, reviews, and scripts. Many manuscripts include editorial annotations and suggested revisions. The correspondence primarily consists of letters between Sneve and publishers, as well as heartfelt messages from schoolchildren, some with drawings, thanking her for her books and school visits. Research materials include notes, collected documents, and recorded interviews. A video adaptation of High Elk’s Treasure is also part of the collection.
The General series includes awards, speaking engagements, clippings, interviews, journals, and research materials. Correspondence features exchanges with publishing houses, Sena-tor Larry Pressler, and fellow writers such as Bob Karolevitz and Audrae Visser. Notably, the series contains an audio reel of an interview Sneve conducted with Harold Shunk, a Bureau of Indian Affairs superintendent. Other items include a 1901 class photograph and various teaching aids.
The Other Writings series highlights Sneve’s contributions beyond creative literature, includ-ing published articles, scripts for a South Dakota Public Radio series, Christian education re-sources for the Episcopal Church Center, newspaper editorials, studies for the Flandreau In-dian School, and a contribution to On the Wings of Peace, a compilation benefiting world peace organizations.
This collection serves as a significant resource for researchers, scholars, and educators stud-ying Indigenous literature, storytelling, and cultural history. It offers a valuable perspective on Native identity, advocacy, and representation, highlighting Sneve’s enduring impact on Native American literary and educational landscapes.
System of arrangement
Conditions of access and use elements
Conditions governing access
The collection is open to all researchers, with materials accessible on-site only and not avail-able for circulation.
For extensive research, scheduling an appointment in advance via phone or email is encour-aged, including details about the research topic and intended use.
To access materials, researchers must complete and sign the Registration Form and provide proof of identity (e.g., University ID or driver’s license). By signing, researchers agree to ad-here to the Reading Room Rules. The registration document also includes guidelines on making copies of materials, correct referencing, and copyright obligations.
Physical access
Technical access
Conditions governing reproduction
Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve retains the literary rights, including copyright, to this material. Patrons wishing to publish from this material must obtain permission directly from Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve. For further information, consult with the staff.
South Dakota State University supports access to its collections, both published and un-published. However, access to certain items may be restricted due to their fragile condition, donor agreements, or copyright.
Reproduction of materials is allowed for research purposes only, and written permission is re-quired for publication or distribution.
Due to the delicate nature of some items, reproduction may be limited.
Languages of the material
- English
Scripts of the material
Language and script notes
Finding aids
Uploaded finding aid
Acquisition and appraisal elements
Custodial history
Immediate source of acquisition
Appraisal, destruction and scheduling information
Accruals
Related materials elements
Existence and location of originals
Existence and location of copies
Related archival materials
Bibliography
Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk.
- High Elk’s Treasure. Holiday House, 1972.
- Jimmy Yellow Hawk. Holiday House, 1972.
- Dakota’s Heritage: A Compilation of Indian Place Names in South Dakota. Brevet Press, 1973.
- South Dakota Geographic Names. Brevet Press, 1973.
- Betrayed. Holiday House, 1974.
- When Thunders Spoke. Holiday House, 1974.
- They Led a Nation: Biographical & Pictorial Essays of 20 Dakota Leaders. Brevet Press, 1975.
- That They May Have Life: The Episcopal Church in South Dakota, 1859–1976. Sea-bury Press, 1977.
- The Twelve Moons. Houghton Mifflin, 1977
- The Time of the Horse and the Tribe of the Burnt Thigh. Houghton Mifflin, 1981
- Dancing Teepees: Poems of American Indian Youth. Holiday House, 1989.
- The Chichi Hoohoo Bogeyman. University of Nebraska Press, 1993
- The Navajos. Holiday House, 1993
- The Sioux. Holiday House, 1993.
- When Thunders Spoke. University of Nebraska Press, 1993.
- The Nez Perce. Holiday House, 1994.
-The Seminoles. Holiday House, 1994. - Completing the Circle. University of Nebraska Press, 1995.
- The Hopis. Holiday House, 1995.• The Iroquois. Holiday House, 1995.
- The Cherokees. Holiday House, 1996.
- The Cheyenne. Holiday House, 1996
- The Apache. Holiday House, 1997.
- The Trickster and the Troll. University of Nebraska Press, 1997.
- Grandpa Was a Cowboy & an Indian and Other Stories. University of Nebraska Press, 2000.
- Enduring Wisdom: Sayings from Native Americans. Holiday House, 2003.
- Bad River Boys: A Meeting of the Lakota Sioux with Lewis and Clark. Holiday House, 2005.
- Lana’s Lakota Moons. University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
- The Christmas Coat: Memories of My Sioux Childhood. Holiday House, 2011.
- Standing Bear of the Ponca. University of Nebraska Press, 2013.
- Sioux Women: Traditionally Sacred. South Dakota Historical Society Press, 2016.
- With Respect and Honor [video recording]. American Indian History Conference (10th: 2002: South Dakota State University), 2002.
- Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve, Reviews and Advertising. [S.l.: s.n.], 1976?.
Related descriptions
Notes element
General note
https://www.sdstate.edu/sdsu-archives-special-collections/researcher-registration-form
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General note
Copyright and Use Statement
In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Materials in this collection may be subject to Title 17, Section 108 of the United States Copyright Act. Users are responsible for ensuring compliance with copyright, privacy, trademark, and other applicable rights for their intended use. Obtaining all necessary permissions is the user's responsibility. Written authorization from the copyright and/or other rights holders is required for publication, distribution, or any use of protected materials beyond what is permitted under fair use.
Specialized notes
Alternative identifier(s)
ID
Description control element
Rules or conventions
Sources used
Access points
Subject access points
Place access points
Name access points
- Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk, 1933- (Subject)