Leaf from the Hours of the Virgin. The page is made of velum and was created in France around 1450. The recto contains 18 lines with the first 7 lines have been rubricated. The letter D in the middle of the page has been historiated red, blue, and gold and connected to marginal flourishes. The verso also has 18 lines with several phrases rubricated. The Hours of the Virgin, part of the Book of Hours that include devotional prayers for different times of the day. Hours of the Virgin, also known as the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, contained psalms, lessons, hymns, and prayers said at each of the eight canonical hours: Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Compline. The Book of Hours was the bestselling book of the Middle Ages.

Leaf from the Hours of the Virgin. The page is made of velum originated in Northern France between 1450 and 1460. The recto contains 16 lines with rubricated and historiated initials and rectangular ornamentation in red, blue, and gold. The verso has 16 lines with rubricated and historiated initials, flowers, and rectangular ornamentation in red, blue, and gold. The Hours of the Virgin, part of the Book of Hours that which are devotional prayers for different times of the day. Hours of the Virgin, also known as the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, contained psalms, lessons, hymns, and prayers said at each of the eight canonical hours: Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Compline. The Book of Hours was the bestselling book of the Middle Ages.

Leaf from the Hours of the Virgin. The handwritten page dates to 1440-1450, is Flemish, and made of velum. The recto contains 13 lines of unornamented text. The verso also has 13 lines with one rubricated phrase. The letter O is historiated in red, blue, and gold and connected to marginal flourishes in gold and blue. The Hours of the Virgin, part of the Book of Hours that include devotional prayers for different times of the day. Hours of the Virgin, also known as the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, contained psalms, lessons, hymns, and prayers said at each of the eight canonical hours: Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Compline. The Book of Hours was the bestselling book of the Middle Ages.

Ceremony honoring two American Indian code talkers

Honor Guard of Italian Carabinieri pass in review before Maj. Gen. J. Strom Thurmond and Maj. Gen. Eugene F. Cardwell during ceremonies at Caserma Passalacqua in Verona, Italy. In the background are senators, representatives and congressional aides in Italy for a tour of the U.S. Army's Southern European Task Force

Honor Guard of Italian Carabinieri pass in review before Maj. Gen. J. Strom Thurmond and Maj. Gen. Eugene F. Cardwell during ceremonies at Caserma Passalacqua in Verona, Italy. In the background are senators, representatives and congressional aides in Italy for a tour of the U.S. Army's Southern European Task Force

Honor Guard ceremonies at Caserma Passalacqua in Verona, Italy. The congressional party salute the colors

Bureau of Indian Affairs officials visit the Holy Rosary Mission in Pine Ridge, South Dakota; from the right: (second) Superintendent Towle; (third) Commissioner Emmons; (fourth) Rev. Lawrence Edwards, S.J., Superior of Holy Rosary Mission; From the Left (fourth) Rev. John Bryde, S.J. , principal of Holy Rosary Mission; (fifth) Ben Reifel, Aberdeen Area Director; (sixth) Representative Ely. Berry; (seventh) Assistant Commissioner Rex Lee

Holdy Rosary Mission Church and dormitory. This mission the Mother Catholic Mission for the Pine Ridge Reservation

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Julian and Verna Holter, Farmers Union and Cooperative activists at Canton, South Dakota.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Joseph Hieb, former Lyman County Cooperative leader and 2000 South Dakota Association of Cooperative Hall of Fame inductee.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Virgil Herriot, former Sioux Valley Empire Electric Association manager.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Darrell Henderson, former Grand Electric and West River Cooperative Telephone manager and 2005 South Dakota Association of Cooperative Hall of Fame inductee.

Hearings before the United States Senate Committee on Rules prescribing penalties for certain acts of violence or intimidation and interior nominations. They contain statements from Ben Reifel.

Two head sections of cross-pollinated barley (No. 1), the barley is part of Edgar S. McFadden's research

Head sections of New Era Barley, the barley is part of Edgar S. McFadden's research

Crucifix under a dome in interior of a Havana Cathedral, Cuba

Interior of rooms with chandeliers in Cuba

Chandelier hanging in the dome of a Havana Cathedral, Cuba

Painting of San Cristobal in an altar in Havana Cathedral, Cuba

Interior of a Havana Cathedral, Cuba

Photograph from the nave of chandelier in dome, fresco, altar in Havana Cathedral, Cuba

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Richard Harwood, former Union Center Farmers Union Oil Company and South Dakota Farmers Union director.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with LeRoy Hardy, former South Dakota Farmers Union board member, lobbyist, and field representative.

A handwritten note accompanies the photograph describing Turkey winter and Sheyene flax .

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Dennis Hagny, former Northern Electric Cooperative Manager and 2006 South Dakota Association of Cooperative Hall of Fame inductee.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Joan Hafner, St. John's Farmers Union Local education director.

Greeting card with red reproduction of a landscape painting and printed text with handwriting in blue ink

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Warren Grebner, former general manager of the South Dakota Wheat Growers and 1989 South Dakota Association of Cooperative Hall of Fame inductee.

Continuation of Grain Terminal Association General Manager M.W. Thatcher Speech, Part 2 (MA012-AV-0166_01). Grain Terminal Association general manager, M.W. Thatcher, speaking about the depression and the economy and how the farm organizations of the National Grange, the Farm Bureau, and the Farmers Union agreed that a New Deal was needed for agriculture. He speaks about the Farm Credit Administration, support prices, legislated economy for farmers and parity pricing. Thatcher also reads a portion of the statement of policy for the South Dakota Farmers Union, and discusses the economy and socialism.

Continuation of Grain Terminal Association General Manager M.W. Thatcher Speech, Part 1 (MA012-AV-0167_01). Grain Terminal Association general manager, M.W. Thatcher, speaking about the depression and the economy and how the farm organizations of the National Grange, the Farm Bureau, and the Farmers Union agreed that a New Deal was needed for agriculture. He speaks about the Farm Credit Administration, support prices, legislated economy for farmers and parity pricing. Recording continued on Grain Terminal Association General Manager M.W. Thatcher Speech, Part 3 (MA012-AV-0166_01).

Grain Terminal Association general manager, M.W. Thatcher, speaking about the depression and the economy and how the farm organizations of the National Grange, the Farm Bureau, and the Farmers Union agreed that a New Deal was needed for agriculture. He speaks about the Farm Credit Administration, support prices, legislated economy for farmers and parity pricing. Recording continued on Grain Terminal Association General Manager M.W. Thatcher Speech, Part 2 (MA012-AV-0168_01).

Governor George Romney of Michigan shakes hands with Representative Ben Reifel. The photograph is signed: To Ben, Best wishes always! George Romney

People supporting the Goldwater-Miller ticket during the 1964 United States Presidential campaign at a rally in Sioux Falls, South Dakota

Certificate for Gertrude Stickney Young for fifty years of loyalty to the University of Wisconsin

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Ervin Goldammer, former Mitchell, South Dakota area cooperative leader and member of the South Dakota Farmers Union board of directors.

Manuscript of short vignettes on people significant to the South Dakota State College (SDSU) history, and of Wenona Hall.

Glenn Martz from Washington, D.C., publisher of 'The Lowdown on Farm Affairs' interview at KOTA radio station in Rapid City, South Dakota. Martz revisits a speech he gave in Rapid City, South Dakota about socialism and communism in the United States. Martz discusses the Farmers Union and cooperatives connections to communism. He claims the Farmers Union has been infiltrated by communists.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Emma Glanzer, Huron, South Dakota area Credit Union activist.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Aaron Glanzer, former board member of the Farmers Union Oil Company at Bridgewater, South Dakota and former Cenex regional board member.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Ronald Gerlach, manager of the Aurora Cooperative Oil Company in Stickney, South Dakota

George McGovern in Cuba with bottles of Havana Club rum visible in the background

George McGovern speaking into microphones in a crowd Cuba

George Gillespie, a mix blood living on his deceased mother's allotment, a one room log house, dirt roof, and dirt floor

South Dakota Farmers Union film about the G.T.A. (Grain Terminal Association) and how it serves farmers by marketing grain. Footage is of grain in various stages of marketing, from the field to the elevators, to shipping. Included is footage of M.W. Thatcher, President of G.T.A. at the grand opening and dedication of the plant in Sioux Falls, South Dakota in May 1961. Color film. Sound.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Gary French, manager of the Sioux Valley Cooperative Oil Company in Watertown, South Dakota.

Correspondence between the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge and Ben Reifel, as well as minutes from their meetings.

Frank Good Lance, Ben Reifel, and Thor Spotted Bear standing by Wounded Knee Monument on Mother's Day

Frank Clown Horse's house and allotment of 320 acres rented by Oliver Sharp Fish

Correspondence between Ben Reifel and the Association of Former Members of Congress, as well as pamphlets and meeting information.

Florence Peale, wife of Ambassador Edward Peale of Liberia, is visiting the Mrs. Robert Orben, wife of the speech writer for President Nixon

First Calvary Division radio reporter interviews PFC LeRoy Youngberg of Huron, South Dakota from Camp Younghans in Japan. Youngberg greets his family and friends back homes and wishes them Merry Christmas.

Booklets about laws relating to federal corrupt practices and political activities, as well as a letter to republican nominees like Ben Reifel from the National Republican Congressional Committee in regards to filing reports of campaign receipts and expenditures.

Farmers Union Stock Commission touring a farm during winter and the Sioux Falls Stockyards showing cattle, sheep, and pigs. Also includes footage of various farms scenes. Black-and-white film. No sound.

Footage of what appears to be a Farmers Union meeting. Black-and-white film. No sound.

The film was created to promote the youth education program of the Farmers Union of North Dakota, Montana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and South Dakota. It consists of footage from camps at each states' Farmers Union Junior Camps where children age 6-21 learn more about the Farmers Union and have fun. Activities depicted in the film include boating, swimming, games, crafts, manual labor, creating a camp newsletter, and listening to lectures about farming and the Farmers Union. South Dakota campers stay in the Black Hills and visit Mt. Rushmore. The film is narrated by Fred Simonton, director of television for North Dakota Farmers Union. Color film. Sound.

Teens at the Farmers Union All-State Camp at Camp Judson in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Highlights include the Badlands, flag raising, Badger Clark visit, national board members visit, and a puppet theater. The students participate in crafts, croquet, archery, swimming, folk dancing, sightseeing, and a picnic. Included is footage of the Needles and Sylvan Lake in Custer State Park, and Mt. Rushmore under construction. Color film. No sound.

Representative E.Y. Berry, Senator Karl Mundt, and Ben Reifel, Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives from the First District of South Dakota, are on the campaign trail in Pierre, South Dakota

Large group of people gathered in a room and seated on chairs at an event in Washington, D.C.

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Marvin Evenson, former employee of the Farmers Union Livestock Association.

Citations of eminent farmers and eminent homemakers of South Dakota.

1927. A.J. Wimple, John M Downer
1928. Dave Sour, Mrs. W.J. O'Banion, John Robertson, Mrs. Martin Sorenson
1929. Willis H. Davis, Percy R. Crothers, Mrs. Earl Dickerson, Mrs. Martin Nelson Boe
1930. John T. Belk, Jorgen J. Boe, Mrs. George Renner, Mrs. Willis H. Davis
1931. Mrs. Vincent S. Johnson, Albert Hill, Thornton M. Babcock, Mrs. George Ernst
1932. Mrs. Charles Rasmussen, Mrs. William P. Hawkes, Robert L Cheney, William Dailey
1933. Titus C. Wenz, Mrs. Henry J. Strand, Jacob B. Severson, Mrs. L.B. Croll
1934. Mrs. Edward E. Bucher, Mrs. Louis L. Meehan, R.M. Crowder, T.E. Hayes
1935. John Rudolph Michaels, Mrs. William A. Ruppel, Edward Bogue, Mrs. Addie Sloat
1936. Mrs. E.W. Laisy, Henry J. Briscoe, Albert R. Fryer, Mrs. Lena Van Metre, H.C. Halvorson, Paul C. Murphy, Mrs. Ed Stitt, Mrs. R.L. Cheney.
1937. Annie Thoreson, Olynphious S. Thompson, Joseph J. Rezac, Mrs. Henry L. Rebbe
1938. August Maass, Mrs. W.O. Torvik, Thomas J. Keehn, Christina K. Lacey
1939. Mary E. Kotrba, Frank Agnew, Lawrence D. Test, Mrs. H.J. Rehorst
1940. Andrew T. Brakke, Mrs. J.E. Boyd, Mrs. Peter P. Vallery William M. Naessig
1941. William M. Davis, Mrs. Thomas H. Hicks, W.F. Wyatt, Mrs. L.T. Larsen
1942. Grant W. Morsman, Mrs. G.W. Mossing, Fredicka Larson, John Davies
1943. Mrs. H.M. Rogers, H.E. Baxter, John A. Cole, Mary E. Nold
1944. Mrs. Fred Dittman, Louisa F. Rehfeld, Henry N. Abild, John Meland
1945. Edward C. Slocum, Mrs. S.C. Mernaugh, J.F. McLoughlin, Mrs. Van Ludwig
1946. Mrs. R.P. Johnson, Harald N. Opdahl, Mrs. John C. Schlomer, Henry Hertel
1947. Mrs. Peter Moe, Arthur C. Kelsey, Mrs. Walter W. Eicholtz, Joseph J. Curry.

Incomplete contents:

1951. Frank McHugh, T.A. Jackson, Mrs. Arthur Justice, Mrs. George Sisson,
1952. Alfred J. Lien, S.C. Thomas, Mrs. Joseph Sutera, Mrs. Grace Fairchild
1953. Mrs. A.J. Schuelke, William Rames, Raymond P. Johnson, Mrs. J. Rees Dillon
1954. Mrs. Arthur Sherburne, Smith Robbins, Mrs. Joseph Schenk, Walter C. Taylor
1955. E.G. Sanderson, Mrs. William P. Hinckley, Sr., Ernest B. Ham, Mrs. John Wiersma
1956. Charles Ahrens, Mrs. Bert Tupper, Mrs. Charles Wieting, Frank Cundill
1957. Henry N. Dybvig, Mrs. O.V. Olson, Edward J. Bailey, Mrs. George Larson
1958. Henry Preheim, Mrs. H.P. Gallagher, Mrs. Will J. Kratochvil, Everett Fletcher
1959. Clifford R. Rush, Mrs. Ellwood Gross, Ivan L. Barkley, Mrs. George Hodgson
1960. Otto G. Meyer, Esther M. Evans, Frank Swope, Mrs. Leonard Gaffin
1961. Louis J. Brooks, Mrs. Earl L. Arne, Henry F. Hansmeier, Mrs. Garrett C. Reynolds.
1962. Albert Keffeler, Mrs. Matthew Evans, Percy J Wallace, Mrs. Otto Laue
1963. Ray Barnett, Mrs. Anton Bierschbach, Enos Blair, Mrs. L. W. Herron
1964. Carl Anderson, Mrs. Donald Rice, Fred H. Holscher, Mrs. Allan Wilson.

Citations of eminent farmers and eminent homemakers of South Dakota.

1965. Mrs. Everett Baxter, Martin F. Jorgensen, Sr., Mrs. George Malone, Henry Ripp
1966. Mrs. Cather Clanton, Mrs. Lloyd Jones, Allen Sperry, Lyman G. Merry
1967. Ida Marie Bentley, Edith A. Guindon, Harry Blair, Merritt Fenner
1968. Mrs. George Millar, Margaret Masteller, John Gauger, Merle Hanson
1969. Mrs. Chester Moe, Mrs. Mortimer Clifford, Lawrence Ingalls, T. Floyd Durland
1970. Mrs. Pauline Hageman, Albert C. Hauffe, Mrs. Arthur W. Keller, Roy Norman
1971. John E. Elsing, Mrs. Chris (Amy K.) Larson, Mrs. Evelyn Petik, Warren L. Wright
1972. Mrs. Harry (Selma) Martens, Mrs. Ethel Miles, John Edwin Sutton, Harry Witt
1973. Mrs. Adele Davis, Vene C. Eitemiller, Wilbert I. Symens, Mrs. Selma Woods
1974. Mrs. Joe (Violet) Biever, Earl Eikmeier, Mrs. Delos (Genevieve) Melius, Elvin E. Mitchell
1975. Mrs. Francis (Anne) Feller, Peter H. Ginsbach, Mrs. Emmett (Delonde) Healy, William P Rausch
1976. Leonard E. Dailey, Vernon Goodroad, Mrs. Bell Hinrichs, Mrs. Fayola Muchow
1977. Willard Benson, Richard Daly, Mrs. Robert (Gladyce) Hammer, Mrs. Elden (Delila) Tompkins
1978. Hazel Cowan, Roy Houck, Martha Kettler, Eugene Strain
1979. Laura Kirsch, Henry Knochenmus, Camille Landekil, Leslie Zeller
1980. Earl Acheson, Paul E. Brown, Elizabeth Naughton, Viola Schuh
1981. Ingebert G. Fauske, Vera Fuller, Roland Leonhardt, Albina Shindelbower
1982. Ralph H. Hansmeier, Louise Labray, Walter H. Schwanke, Oriska Stroschein
1983. Hilbert Bogue, Florine Glaus, Ruth E. Nelson, Orville K. Peterson
1984. Mildred Acheson, Martin Jorgensen, John W. Smith, Janice Snyder
1985. Wilbert Blumhardt, Emily Jennings, Wendell Leafstedt, Charlotte Seas
1986. Selmer J. Anderson, Mary ""Maizie"" Homelvig, Mary Ellen Murphy, John E. "Matt" Sutton

1987. James E. Brooking, Chrys Daniel, Ernest C. Olson, Redella Runner

      Incomplete contents:

1988. Gordon Brockmueller, William Daniel, Agnes Panek, Erna Putnam
1989. Harold Anderson, Jeanne Bachand, Doris Heine, Robert Sharp
1990. Arlen Berwald, Lorraine Reaves, Carol Schubeck, John Schwab
1991. Virginia Anderson, Bernice Cuppy, John Glaus, William Schuette
1992. Robert G. Hoffman, Harold T. Hurlbert, Georgia Jensen, Shirley Krause
1993. Donald Fieber, Ardeth Kocourek, Dorothy Nothdurft, Merwyn Walter
1994. Mary Ann Deurmier, Esther Krutzfeldt, John Leroy Luecke, Mervin Ogren

South Dakota Farmers Union Communications Director, Chuck Groth, Cooperative Legacy Project interview with Arlene Schley Elliott, former education director board member of the South Dakota Farmers Union.

Continuation of Eleanor Roosevelt Addresses the South Dakota Farmers Union, Part 1 [MA012-AV-0177_01). Eleanor Roosevelt addressed the South Dakota Farmers Union about of her work with the American Association for the United Nations. She speaks about respecting the customs of other nations.

Eleanor Roosevelt addresses the South Dakota Farmers Union about of her work with the American Association for the United Nations. She speaks about the United Nations and India. The recording cuts off in the middle of her speaking. Continues on Eleanor Roosevelt Addresses the South Dakota Farmers Union, Part 2 (MA012-AV-077_02).

Eleanor McGovern wearing sunglasses in Cuba

Eleanor McGovern in sunglasses smiling with a man in Cuba

El Capitolio, the National Capitol Building in Havana, Cuba

Analysis of how other farmer organizations affect the South Dakota Farmers Union on social and political levels. He discusses four categories: leaders of the South Dakota Farmers Union, general members of the South Dakota Farmers Union, members of other farm organization, and farmers that do no belong to any farm organizations.