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On February 25, 1924, the South Dakota Chapter of Alpha Zeta at South Dakota State College was officially chartered with 19 founding members, as announced by Harry Potter, General Secretary of Alpha Zeta. This milestone followed an initial inquiry sent by S.D.S.C. President Willis E. Johnson on December 24, 1919. During the application process, the group—consisting of approximately 25 men—was known as the Hopkins Club. After three unsuccessful attempts, the chapter was successfully established under the leadership of S.D.S.C. President C.W. Pugsley, himself a member of Alpha Zeta, along with many other faculty members who were also affiliated with the fraternity.

Alpha Zeta, the oldest fraternal society in agriculture, was founded on November 4, 1897, at Ohio State University. Today, it is a global network of diverse professionals in agriculture and natural resources dedicated to recognizing, developing, and promoting leaders grounded in common values and integrity. The fraternity’s mission is to advance agriculture in its broadest sense, fostering leadership, fellowship, service, and a spirit of love and fraternity among its members.

As of 2016, the South Dakota Chapter of Alpha Zeta remains an honorary fraternity for the top students in the College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences at South Dakota State University. The chapter actively participates in numerous campus activities, including the Career Fair and Ag Day. Its community engagement includes mentoring youth, visiting nursing homes, fence-mending, and invasive weed eradication at the Girl Scouts’ Camp Wildwood, as well as fundraising for local service projects such as the Harvest Table and the Food Pantry.

Activity V of the Title III Strengthening Institutions Program grant was designed to improve institutional management and enhance student services by fostering increased connectivity and communication within the academic community on campus.

Dr. Alfred Durham, a Kiwanis member, founded the Altrusa Institute in Nashville in 1917 during World War I, recognizing the need for women’s civic organizations. He organized clubs in Nashville, Louisville, and Dayton before meeting Mamie L. Bass in Indianapolis.

Mamie L. Bass, former Superintendent of the Women's Division of the U.S. Employment Services, envisioned a greater purpose for Altrusa. At the first convention in June 1918, Altrusa became a classified service organization for business and professional women, renamed the National Association of Altrusa Clubs. Bass authored the Principles of Altrusa, defining it as “a builder of women,” officially adopted in 1921. By 1922, there were 20 clubs.

Altrusa promoted vocational education for women, later expanding to scholarships and guidance for both young and older women. It became international in 1935 with a club in Mexico and soon expanded to other countries. In 1946, Altrusa sent its first representative to the United Nations.

In 1966, Altrusa founded ASTRA clubs for young women aged 13–21. Literacy became a permanent service focus in 1977, and in 1997, the Altrusa Foundation adopted Camp Safe Haven for children with HIV/AIDS. In 1989, Altrusa added environmental initiatives to its mission.

Today, Altrusa remains a community-based organization dedicated to local service—supporting shelters, youth, literacy, and housing projects. District Seven includes Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

The Brookings Branch of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded in 1931 with 37 members under Miss Gertrude Young. Full membership recognition for South Dakota State College (SDSC) graduates came in 1950 after sustained effort.

Early programs included promoting a kindergarten, which the branch ran in the city library basement from 1932 to 1941 before it joined the public school system. During World War II, members supported the war effort through ration distribution, Red Cross work, and material salvage. The branch has consistently contributed to the National Fellowship Fund through events such as bridge benefits, style shows, and sales of maps, books, and calendars.

Scholarships have long been a priority. A junior-year fellowship evolved in 1962 to awards for a high school senior and an incoming SDSC student. Following Miss Young’s death in 1964, these became the Gertrude Young-AAUW Scholarships.

Study groups have grown in importance. By 1954, groups covered child study, money management, international relations, music, and crafts. In 1963–64, the focus shifted to four areas: community problems, cultural interests, education, and world issues. These groups spurred action programs including support for educational television, international book distribution, special education initiatives, and engagement with legislative issues, particularly in education and women’s rights.

The Hoffman-Townsend Post No. 74 of the American Legion was established in Brookings, South Dakota, as a local chapter dedicated to supporting U.S. military veterans and fostering civic engagement. The Post was named in honor of two Brookings servicemen: Orr Hoffman, who died during World War I at Camp Funston, and Edwin Townsend, who died in World War II. Since its founding, Post 74 has played an active role in the Brookings community, sponsoring youth programs, hosting memorial events, and supporting local veterans.

The Post maintains a hall which serves as a venue for public events, fundraisers, and community gatherings. Among its civic contributions, the Post sponsors the Brookings Post 74 Bandits, a Senior American Legion baseball team, and participates in veteran-focused service initiatives and commemorative activities.

The Army Administration Schools, Enlisted Branch No. 3 at South Dakota State College was established on December 3, 1942. Initially designed to train clerks for general administrative duties in the Air Corps, the school graduated a total of eleven such classes. On May 19, 1943, a classification course was added, focusing primarily on classification subjects with some administrative training included. Six classes completed this segment of the program.

Students of the Army Administration School shared all South Dakota State College facilities with civilian students. The program fully occupied the Central Building, Old North Building, East Men’s Hall, West Men’s Hall, and Wecota Annex. For the convenience of the trainees, an exchange was maintained in East Men’s Hall. Health services for the command were provided by local physicians, thereby freeing military medical personnel for other assignments.

Military discipline and ceremonial practice were emphasized through close order drill and organized transitions between classes. Weekly retreat parades were conducted, some held in honor of visiting dignitaries. Each class had formal opening and closing exercises in the college auditorium. Additionally, in the fall of 1943, school personnel assisted with the regional harvest in the Brookings area, helping to meet labor shortages caused by the war.

The Brookings Reconciliation Council was a community-based organization established in Brookings, South Dakota, in the early 1990s in response to statewide and local efforts to address historical injustices and improve relations between Native American and non-Native communities. Its formation followed South Dakota’s 1990 “Year of Reconciliation,” which encouraged dialogue, education, and community action around Native history, sovereignty, and civil rights.

Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, the Council served as a forum for discussion and advocacy on issues affecting Native communities, including education, land and sovereignty, cultural representation, violence, and economic concerns. The organization sponsored and participated in conferences, public events, and reconciliation initiatives, and worked with educators, civic leaders, and community groups to promote awareness and understanding. The Council remained active into the early twenty-first century, leaving a record of sustained local engagement with reconciliation and human rights issues in eastern South Dakota.

Rotary International is a global organization of business and professional leaders dedicated to humanitarian service, promoting high ethical standards in all vocations, and fostering goodwill and peace. The movement began in 1905 when four Chicago businessmen met to build fellowship within the business community. As membership grew, meetings rotated among members’ places of business, inspiring the name ""Rotary."" Rotary became international in 1910 with the formation of a club in Canada, and by 1921 it had expanded to every continent. The organization formally adopted the name Rotary International in 1922.

The Brookings Rotary Club was established in 1919 through the efforts of local businessmen Ivan Cobel and Clyde Hinkley, who believed a Rotary Club would help strengthen ties among the business community. With support from other local business leaders and sponsorship from the Watertown Rotary Club, the Brookings club received its charter on February 1, 1920. Arthur Stoll served as the first president, and the club began with 21 charter members.

Throughout its history, the Brookings Rotary Club has contributed significantly to local civic and youth initiatives. These include supplying instruments and uniforms to the Brookings High School band, sponsoring Boy Scouts and youth sports teams, and initiating the concept for the Brookings United Retirement Center. The club also helped establish the United Fund, provided equipment for the Brookings Hospital, and developed Rotary Park. Members have contributed to international efforts as well, including book drives for schools in South Africa and the Philippines, financial support for the Polio Plus campaign, and contributions to the Rotary International Foundation.

Brookings Rotarians have played an active role in the broader Rotary organization, with six members serving as District Governors. The club has sponsored young professionals for international group study exchanges and awards a four-year scholarship annually to a local student attending South Dakota State University. It also provides educational awards for students studying abroad.

The Brookings Rotary Club remains active today, supporting local projects and promoting fellowship and service among members from the business, industrial, and educational sectors. Weekly meetings continue to serve as a platform for community engagement and informative programs.

The Brookings Veterans Society was composed of discharged and separated members of the United States Armed Forces who were enrolled as students at South Dakota State University. In the preamble to its constitution, the society acknowledged its members’ dual roles as both veterans and students. Recognizing this unique perspective, they believed their primary responsibility was to support the interests and welfare of the broader student body. The society’s purpose, as outlined in its constitution, was to uphold the South Dakota State University Student Code and to support the educational mission of the institution. It sought to create a welcoming environment for new veteran students, offering help and assistance as they transitioned into university life. The organization also aimed to provide information and encourage discussion on legislation, current events, and political issues affecting the university, the state, the nation, and the world. Additionally, the society worked to advocate for the general interests of veterans and other students on campus, to improve classroom and residential facilities, and to encourage veterans to enroll in, remain at, or return to South Dakota State University.

The Milwaukee Road, officially known as the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMSP&P RR), was a Class I railroad that operated across the Midwest and northwestern United States from its founding in 1847 until its merger with the Soo Line Railroad in 1985–1986. Over its history, the company underwent several name changes and periods of bankruptcy. Although it no longer exists as a separate entity, its legacy is preserved through landmarks such as the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and through preserved equipment like the Milwaukee Road 261 steam locomotive.

Originally incorporated as the Milwaukee and Waukesha Railroad in 1847, the company soon changed its name to the Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad. Its first rail line, connecting Milwaukee and Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, opened in 1850, with passenger service beginning on February 25, 1851. The name was changed in 1874 to the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, and by 1887, it had expanded lines through Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, South Dakota, and Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.

Efforts to unionize faculty at South Dakota State University and across South Dakota occurred throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Early attempts by the American Association of University Professors and the South Dakota Higher Education Faculty Association were ultimately unsuccessful but contributed to the establishment of the Council of Higher Education (COHE).

In 1978, the South Dakota Board of Regents officially recognized COHE as the exclusive representative of the collective bargaining unit for higher education faculty. COHE is authorized to negotiate matters related to rates of pay, wages, hours of employment, grievance procedures, and other terms and conditions of employment.

The bargaining unit represented by COHE includes full-time and regular part-time instructional and research faculty at public colleges and universities, the Agricultural Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Service, Auxiliary Services, the South Dakota School for the Visually Handicapped, and the South Dakota School for the Deaf. Supervisory personnel are excluded from the unit.

Excluded from the bargaining unit are faculty at the Medical School, Law School, and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences; as well as deans, directors, department chairpersons and heads, principals, superintendents, program managers, supervisory and managerial staff, emeritus faculty, teaching and research assistants, clinical faculty, county agents, county home economists, and ROTC personnel.

The South Dakota State University Dairy Club has a rich tradition of fostering student engagement, education, and professional development within the dairy industry. Established several decades ago, the club was founded to unite students interested in dairying, regardless of their major, and to provide hands-on learning opportunities beyond the classroom.

Over the years, the Dairy Club has grown into a vibrant student organization that supports both academic and social aspects of dairy science education. It has consistently offered activities such as monthly meetings featuring guest speakers from the dairy industry, farm tours, and community service projects.

A significant part of the club’s legacy is its commitment to competitive excellence. The Dairy Club has organized and participated in regional and national contests, including cattle judging and dairy product evaluation, helping students sharpen their skills and build professional networks.

One of the hallmark events has been the club’s involvement in the Midwest Regional Dairy Challenge, a prestigious competition held at SDSU that draws students from multiple universities to evaluate dairy operations and present improvement recommendations.

Fundraising efforts such as the annual Holiday Cheese Box Sale have also played a vital role in supporting student scholarships, club activities, and travel to industry events like the World Dairy Expo.

In addition to collegiate activities, the club has historically extended its impact to youth education through the Jackrabbit Dairy Camp, where young people learned about dairy farming, cheese making, and livestock handling. Although the camp is currently on hiatus, plans for its return demonstrate the club’s ongoing commitment to community outreach.

Guided by dedicated faculty advisors and student leaders, the Dairy Club continues to evolve, maintaining its mission to provide valuable educational experiences and to prepare the next generation of dairy professionals.

The Dakota Agricultural College Board of Regents was established in 1881 by the Dakota Territory to oversee the founding and governance of a land-grant college in Brookings, later known as South Dakota State University. During the territorial period, the Governor of Dakota Territory served on multiple institutional boards, including that of the agricultural college, actively shaping educational policy between 1883 and 1889.

The board appointed George W. Lilley as the college’s first president in 1884, under whose leadership the first permanent buildings were erected and academic programs were initiated. In 1885, James Plummer Day, a Civil War veteran and legislator, was appointed to the college's Board of Trustees and remained involved through the transition to statehood.

Following South Dakota’s admission to the Union in 1889, the newly formed South Dakota Board of Regents assumed oversight of all state higher education institutions, including Dakota Agricultural College. Day and other early trustees continued their service under the restructured governance model. This early board laid the foundational policies for curriculum, facilities, land use, and administrative structure that would shape the development of the institution for decades to come.

The Dakota Farmer was established in 1881, eight years before North and South Dakota achieved statehood. It was first published in Alexandria, in what is now Hanson County, South Dakota, by founder James Baynes. Within its first year, Baynes sold the publication to Augustine Davis, who relocated operations to Huron, South Dakota. In 1883, Davis sold a half-interest to William Bushnell, who became sole proprietor by 1885.

Under Bushnell’s leadership as editor and manager, The Dakota Farmer gained early prominence. The publication relocated to Aberdeen in 1893 and became a vocal supporter of agricultural development in the region. It advocated for improved livestock, crop quality, and the advancement of local farm organizations. Bushnell’s influence extended beyond publishing—he was active in public affairs and later served as state statistician for South Dakota.

Over the following century, The Dakota Farmer continued to evolve with its readership, providing trusted agricultural news and guidance through changing economic and environmental conditions. In 1979, the magazine was acquired by Webb Publishing, which viewed it as a natural complement to its flagship title, The Farmer.

Today, The Dakota Farmer is part of Farm Progress Companies, a leading publisher of agricultural media. Farm Progress oversees 18 state-specific farm magazines and operates eight major farm shows across the country, including the nationally recognized Farm Progress Show.

Daktronics, Inc. was founded on December 9, 1968, with an initial investment of $200,000 by South Dakota State University electrical engineering professors Dr. Aelred Kurtenbach and Dr. Duane Sander. The company was established to provide employment opportunities for SDSU graduates, reducing the need for outmigration in search of permanent work. Originally focused on biomedical instrumentation, Daktronics pivoted in 1970 after securing a contract to build an electronic voting system for the Utah Legislature—technology later adopted by over 40 state legislatures and the United Nations.

This early success led to the development of Daktronics’ first scoreboard product in 1971: the three-sided “Matside” wrestling scoreboard. The innovation evolved into the company’s “All Sport” line, now used widely across the United States and internationally. Leveraging solid-state circuitry, Daktronics expanded into time-temperature and animated message displays for banks, schools, civic centers, and commercial venues. These systems ultimately merged into custom scoring and information systems for arenas and stadiums.

Daktronics pioneered several technological advancements, including the “Glow Cube” reflective light system and the “Starburst” incandescent color technology capable of displaying up to 16.7 million colors. The company also integrated LED display systems to enhance visual performance.

By 2006, Daktronics employed 1,400 full-time and 700 part-time staff, posted $329 million in revenue, and netted $21 million in earnings. It had grown into a global leader in electronic scoreboards, display systems, marketing services, and digital signage for sports, commercial, and transportation applications. High-profile projects included installations for multiple Olympic Games (1980–2002), Times Square, and major retail clients such as Walgreens and CVS.

Daktronics went public in 1994 and by 2006 was one of only four South Dakota-based public companies with over $300 million in annual sales. That year, the company expanded operations by opening a 100,000-square-foot plant in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. More than half of its workforce were SDSU students or alumni, underscoring the company's continued connection to its academic origins.

Founder Al Kurtenbach reflected, “We established our culture in those early days. We became very customer-oriented… We have a lot of great war stories about what our people do to make sure things work well for our customer when the big moment comes.

Delta Kappa Gamma is an international honorary society of professional women educators, founded in 1929. The organization promotes the professional and personal growth of women in education and supports excellence in teaching and leadership. Its objectives include fostering fellowship among women educators, advancing their professional interests, recognizing distinguished service, supporting educational initiatives and legislation, awarding scholarships and fellowships, and informing members on current educational and societal issues

Established in 1955, the Eastern South Dakota Science and Engineering Fair is held each spring at South Dakota State University. The fair is an affiliated regional event of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, organized annually by the Science Service of Washington, D.C. Students in grades 6 through 12 from area schools are eligible to submit independent scientific research projects. Each year, several Grand Champion winners are awarded an all-expense-paid trip to participate in the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, hosted in a different city each year. Participants also compete for medals, trophies, and monetary awards in a range of categories.

The fair is administered by a Fair Director and Committee in collaboration with the SDSU Chapter of Sigma Xi, the scientific research society. Sponsorship is provided by Sigma Xi, South Dakota State University, the Division of Continuing Education at SDSU, the Greater State Fund, and the South Dakota State University Foundation.

In the fall of 1952, a group of faculty members, with the support of the South Dakota State College administration, organized a private stock corporation to address the growing need for faculty housing. The corporation aimed to acquire property and construct apartment buildings primarily for faculty rental, with assistance from the Federal Housing Administration. It developed and owned two six-unit apartment buildings located north of Sixth Street between 16th and 17th Avenues, across from Hillcrest Park. The Faculty Housing Company operated until January 21, 1963, when stockholders voted to dissolve the corporation at a special meeting.

The Freemasons. Grand Lodge of the State of South Dakota is the governing body for Freemasonry in South Dakota. Established shortly after South Dakota achieved statehood in 1889, the Grand Lodge oversees the activities of local Masonic lodges across the state, setting regulations, granting charters, and organizing statewide events and communications. Freemasonry, a fraternal organization with historical roots in medieval stonemason guilds, emphasizes moral and spiritual development, brotherhood, charity, and civic responsibility.

In South Dakota, the Grand Lodge publishes materials such as proceedings of annual communications, newsletters, ritual guides, and historical summaries, which document the administrative and ceremonial activities of Masons in the state. These publications also often include member directories, lodge reports, and commemorative content related to Masonic anniversaries and public service. The Grand Lodge has historically played a role in community leadership and philanthropy throughout South Dakota.

The Scotland, South Dakota chapter of the Future Farmers of America (FFA) is an active organization dedicated to promoting agricultural education and leadership among high school students. Established in the mid-20th century, the chapter has a long-standing tradition of excellence in FFA judging competitions, community service, and student leadership development. Under the guidance of dedicated advisors, the Scotland FFA has produced numerous state contest winners and alumni who have gone on to leadership roles in agricultural education and industry. The chapter remains a vital part of the Scotland School District and continues to participate in local, state, and national FFA programs.

Gamma Sigma Delta, also known as the Honor Society of Agriculture, is a professional agricultural fraternity. The South Dakota State University chapter was established on May 27, 1958, to encourage and recognize high standards and achievements in agriculture. In 1974, SDSU hosted the national Gamma Sigma Delta conclave, themed “Agriculture in the Modern World.” The chapter was the bronze runner-up for the Outstanding Chapter Award in 2010 and received the Chapter Enrichment Grant in 1998. Notably, Dr. Oscar E. Olson, a chapter member, won the International Distinguished Service to Agriculture Award in 1979.

Field of Activity: Geography
Delta Zeta Chapter (South Dakota State University)

The Geography Club (Gamma Theta Upsilon) began organizing at South Dakota State University in 1967 and was officially established as the Delta Zeta chapter in March 1970. The organization’s purpose is to promote professional interest in geography by providing a common forum for those engaged in the field. It aims to enhance both student and professional training through academic experiences beyond the classroom and laboratory, elevate geography’s status as a cultural and practical discipline, encourage high-quality student research, offer publication opportunities, and manage funds to support graduate study and research in geography.

Membership eligibility requires completion of at least three geography courses, a B average in geography, ranking in the top 35% of the class, and completion of a minimum of three semesters or five quarters of college coursework. In 1970, this chapter initiated the South Dakota State Geography Convention to foster collaboration among geographers from diverse perspectives.

Propaganda has played a significant role in German history, especially during the 20th century. During World War I, Germany, like other major powers, used posters to rally support for the war effort, promote enlistment, and encourage public sacrifice. These early posters often employed patriotic symbols, appeals to duty, and anti-Allied sentiment.

In the years leading up to and during World War II, the Nazi regime elevated propaganda to a central tool of state control. Under the direction of Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda, the Third Reich developed a vast propaganda machine that controlled newspapers, films, radio, and visual media. Posters became one of the most accessible and effective forms of communication, used to:

• Glorify Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP)

• Promote Aryan supremacy and German nationalism

• Justify military aggression and territorial expansion

• Encourage total war and public sacrifice

• Spread antisemitic, anti-communist, and anti-Allied messages

Reinforce loyalty, discipline, and obedience among civilians and soldiers

Nazi war posters used bold visuals and emotionally charged slogans to shape public opinion and suppress dissent. Many were designed with dramatic imagery, heroic figures, and symbolic color schemes (especially red, black, and white). Messaging focused on unity, strength, sacrifice, and fear of external and internal enemies.

After the war, Allied forces confiscated and studied Nazi propaganda materials as evidence of psychological warfare and totalitarian control. Today, these posters are analyzed by historians as powerful tools of indoctrination and as cautionary examples of how propaganda can manipulate public consciousness in authoritarian regimes.

In 1965, Paul McConaughy sought an inexpensive method for producing limited-edition watercolor prints. He tested his idea at his alma mater by creating a series of prints depicting buildings at Cornell University. The prints were immediately popular, leading to the formation of the College Watercolor Group. The group soon expanded production to include affordable watercolor prints of college buildings from across the United States.

Modeled after the nineteenth-century approach used by Currier and Ives, the process began with a pen-and-ink drawing of a building, which was reproduced as an 8 x 10 lithograph on watercolor paper. Artists then hand-colored each print. The group offered limited-edition sets of four scenes as well as larger individual prints, available framed or unframed.

As professional artists joined the staff, the overall quality of the work improved significantly. One artist, E. B. Walden, began signing his prints using the surname Gray, derived from the watercolor pigment Davy’s Gray. Other artists adopted the same surname while using different first names, with Walden signing as Davis Gray. More than a dozen artists eventually used the Gray name, and this naming convention led to the business becoming known as Gray’s Watercolors.

The Library had its beginning in the fall of 1885 when two rooms on the second floor of the Old Central building were assigned as reading rooms. The Library at that time contained approximately 500 reference books. In the early years, the Library was frequently moved from floor to floor in Old Central and back and forth from Old Central to South building. Essentially, it seems to have consisted of two rooms: a reading room and a book room. The office of Librarian was established in 1886 with the appointment of a Mr. Lewis, an arithmetic teacher. He soon left and was succeeded by Nancy L. Van Doren, Preceptress and English grammar and composition teacher. She continued as Librarian until 1889. These succeeding appointments seem to have been largely nominal, with much of the work being done by students. In 1898, Librarian Robert F. Kerr returned to the position he held seven years earlier, and served until he became secretary to Governor H. Elrod in 1904.

The Library grew slowly. The original collection was mainly donated materials. The first book was purchased in 1886. It was a United States government document: The Report of the Secretary of the Interior for 1877. The college catalog for 1887-88 reported that the college library contained over 2,000 volumes. Ten years later, the Library consisted of about 5,000 volumes and as many pamphlets. By 1925, the figure was 35,000 bound volumes and 8,000 pamphlets.

In 1927, the Library moved into its new building, the Lincoln Memorial Library. It was the first building in the state to be financed from funds received from a tax on cigarettes and the first land-grant college library dedicated to President Abraham Lincoln. The Lincoln Memorial Library consisted of a large reading room designed to seat 250, a periodical room to accommodate 64, eight classrooms, fourteen seminar rooms, and sufficient unused floor space in the large stack room to accommodate the museum.

A growing institution always needs more space and so the Departments of History, English and Education also moved into the new Library. In 1942, when the Army took over many of the buildings on campus, the Library had to make room in whole or part, for the offices of Agricultural Economics, Rural Sociology and Foreign languages. The end of World War II brought an influx of students. The Library collection began to grow rapidly, tripling in size to about 100,000 volumes in the 20 years after occupying the new facility.

The establishment of a doctoral program in 1954-55 had great significance for the Library. To supplement such studies, Library appropriations were greatly expanded, as was the staff. By the late 1950's, the Lincoln Memorial Library was visibly inadequate. Books were overflowing the shelves, service areas and offices intruded upon the study areas and students found that the crowded and noisy conditions interfered with their studies. One-by-one, the faculty offices found new homes, classrooms were converted to house additional books and storage areas for books were added in East Men's Hall and Hansen Hall. After years of study, a new library was built. Hilton M. Briggs Library was finished in 1977.

Hugill, Blatherwick, Fritzel, Kroeger, Griffin & Berg was a prominent South Dakota architectural firm whose evolution spanned much of the 20th century.

The firm began in 1921 when George C. Hugill and Wilfred F. Blatherwick established Hugill & Blatherwick in Sioux Falls. Both men were formally trained architects with experience in civic, educational, and ecclesiastical design. Over the next two decades, the firm became known for designing county courthouses, churches, schools, and public buildings throughout South Dakota, with several projects later listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1946, Wendell C. Fritzel joined as partner, forming Hugill, Blatherwick & Fritzel. Jean R. Kroeger entered in 1956, expanding the firm’s scope and reputation as Hugill, Blatherwick, Fritzel & Kroeger. After the deaths of Hugill and Blatherwick in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Edward L. Griffin and Milton L. Berg joined, and the firm continued under the name Fritzel, Kroeger, Griffin & Berg.

Throughout these transitions, the firm remained influential in shaping South Dakota’s built environment, contributing notable designs for universities, civic centers, schools, religious institutions, and airports. In 1985, the practice transitioned into Holman Beck Associates, which later became Holman & Associates, continuing operations until its closure in 2009.

Over nearly nine decades, the firm and its successors left a ignificant architectural legacy across the region, blending early 20th-century classicism with mid-century modernism in their wide-ranging portfolio.

The Independent Order of Odd Fellows began in England in the 18th century and became established in the United States in 1819. The organizations purpose is to unit people in providing aid and support to each other and to their communities.

The Academic Women's Equity Coalition was established at South Dakota State University during the 1983–1984 academic year in response to informal conversations among faculty members concerned with workplace policies and professional opportunities. Open to all faculty and supporters of its mission, the coalition aimed to promote equity in hiring, salary, promotion, and tenure practices. It provided a forum for discussing faculty experiences, identifying institutional barriers, and fostering professional development.

The coalition advocated for clear, consistent communication in professional contexts and supported faculty interested in administrative advancement. Through these efforts, it contributed to institutional conversations about fairness, transparency, and career progression within the university setting.

The National Association of Retired Federal Employees (NARFE) is a nonprofit organization that advocates for the rights and benefits of retired federal employees and their families at the local, state, and national levels. The Big Sioux Chapter (Chapter 0872), based in Brookings, South Dakota, is part of the South Dakota Federation of NARFE chapters. Although currently inactive, the chapter has previously served members in the region through advocacy, community engagement, and information-sharing.

On January 20, 1933, a group of women met at the home of Mrs. A.H. Hoppe to organize a music club under the auspices of the American Association of University Women. They adopted the four-year study program of the National Federation of Music Clubs. In 1934, the club became officially affiliated with the Federation. The organization's goals were to promote mutual support among members and to advance music within the community.

The South Dakota State University chapter of the Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi has recognized academic excellence across all disciplines since at least 1949, as documented in university archives. While the exact date of the chapter’s founding remains unclear, records show decades of active involvement in promoting scholarship through initiation ceremonies, academic banquets, faculty lectureships, and student recognition events.

Over the years, the chapter has maintained a strong presence on campus, emphasizing the Society’s mission to honor students and faculty of high scholarly achievement and good character. Archival materials—including meeting minutes, correspondence, newsletters, and event programs—reflect a long-standing commitment to fostering a culture of academic distinction at SDSU. The chapter’s history exemplifies the Society’s broader goals of encouraging excellence in higher education and service to the academic community.

In 1933, students at South Dakota State College began laying the groundwork to apply for a charter with Phi Upsilon Omicron, the Home Economics Honor Society. Encouraged by Dean Edith Pierson and Laura McArthur—who taught Home Economics Education and was an alumna of Alpha Chapter—the students received guidance and access to valuable contacts to support their efforts.

After much preparation, Phi Chapter was officially chartered on May 19, 1934, just one week before the senior students graduated. Members of Alpha and Beta Chapters organized the installation ceremony, which was conducted by Priscilla Rowland, National President of Phi U. The event took place in the Foods Laboratory, then located in the Administration Building.

The first president of Phi Chapter was Merle (La Mont) Gunsalus, a junior at the time of installation. Several students were initiated during the May 1934 ceremony, marking the beginning of the chapter’s long-standing presence on campus.

As of 2008, Phi Upsilon Omicron is recognized as a Family and Consumer Sciences Honor Society, dedicated to promoting professional development and community service. Membership in Phi U is both an honor and a commitment to active engagement in the organization’s initiatives.

One of the society’s core goals is to help members grow as professionals—not only through academic achievement, but also through involvement in meaningful activities and experiences. Each year, Phi U carries out a professional project that encourages student involvement on campus and within the local community. In addition, the chapter maintains connections with its alumni through joint activities and events.

Students who have completed at least 40 credit hours and maintain a GPA of 3.2 or higher are eligible for invitation to join. In evaluating prospective members, the chapter seeks individuals who demonstrate excellence in scholarship, leadership, and service.

The Prairie Repertory Theatre was founded by students and faculty in 1971 after the relocation of the Oldham Opera House. The Prairie Repertory Theatre was created through collaboration by the Prairie Historical Society and South Dakota State University in order to present a joint summer theater season. The Prairie Repertory Theatre has worked to encourage theatrical talents in the community and continue the historic tradition bringing theater to the communities in South Dakota.

The Prairie Repertory Theater presents four plays a summer for a duration of six weeks a play at SDSU in Brookings and at Prairie Village near Madison, SD and recently celebrated their 50th year of theater productions.

The Prairie Striders Running Club was founded in Brookings, South Dakota, in 1969 by community members Jay Dirksen, Russ Strande, Howard Sauer, Lyle Derscheid, Keith Morrill, Bruce Berger, Lornie Bartling, Bob Bartling, Harvey Mills, Scott Underwood, Don Solsvig, and Jim Egeberg.

A non-profit organization affiliated with the Amateur Athletic Union, the club aims to unite running enthusiasts and promote the sport throughout South Dakota. It hosts various local races, including 5K, 8K, the Jackrabbit 15, and the Longest Day Marathon.

The club also publishes a newsletter and offers running resources to its members. These include coverage of club events, state high school meets, regional collegiate races, and national competitions involving members and their families, along with record-breaking performances and historical insights from the world of competitive running.

Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located in Brown County, northeastern South Dakota, near the city of Columbia. It was established in 1935 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. Encompassing over 21,000 acres of wetlands, grasslands, and open water, the refuge was created to protect and enhance migratory bird habitat, particularly for waterfowl.

It is recognized as a Globally Important Bird Area and a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. Sand Lake provides critical breeding, nesting, and migratory stopover habitat for hundreds of bird species, including ducks, geese, herons, and endangered whooping cranes. The refuge also supports a variety of mammals, amphibians, and fish species.

The refuge is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and includes facilities for research, conservation, and public recreation, such as birdwatching, environmental education, photography, and regulated hunting and fishing.

The Saturday Literary Club, founded in 1897 with 14 members, was the first women’s club organized in Brookings, South Dakota. Dedicated to social engagement and cultural enrichment, the club played a significant role in the community’s intellectual life.

The National Chapter of Scabbard and Blade was established in 1904 at the University of Wisconsin. The 1st Company, 6th Regiment was installed at South Dakota State College on May 15, 1927.

Scabbard and Blade aimed to raise the standard of military drill in American colleges and universities, strengthen relationships among military departments, encourage the development of efficient and capable officers, and foster camaraderie among cadets.

Membership was open to R.O.T.C. cadets enrolled in the advanced course and was based on standards similar to those of other honorary fraternities. Candidates were expected to demonstrate qualities such as efficiency, patriotism, obedience, honor, courage, and good fellowship.

The organization remained active at South Dakota State University until sometime in the 1970s.

The Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Junior Chamber of Commerce (Jaycees) Summer Track Program began in 1969. It was part of the ""1969 Junior Champ Track Program,"" held in ten cities across South Dakota and sponsored by the South Dakota Jaycees and the Spader Camper Center of Brookings. Stan Jensen of Brookings served as the program’s chairman.

The program aimed to give youth the opportunity “to run, jump, or throw” and to experience the enjoyment, recreation, and sense of well-being associated with physical activity and fitness. It culminated in a state championship for boys and girls aged 15 to 18, with winners qualifying for the 6th/5th Annual U.S. Jaycee Junior Track and Field Championships at the University of Minnesota. Food, lodging, and transportation were provided by the sponsors.

From 1970 to 1973, the South Dakota Jaycees and the American Dairy Association of South Dakota continued supporting the Junior Track Program, with state meets held in Brookings.

The Sioux Falls Jaycees Developmental Meets, affiliated with the Sioux Falls Recreation Department and directed by Rich Greeno, were held from 1974 to 1976 and had reached their eighth year by then.

The South Dakota State University (SDSU) Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ) was established in 1937. SPJ, originally founded as Sigma Delta Chi in 1901, is a national journalism organization committed to promoting ethical standards, defending First Amendment rights, and fostering the free flow of information vital to a democratic society.

From 1940 through the mid-1970s, the SDSU chapter produced The Bum and The Junior Bum—game-day programs for Jackrabbit football and basketball, respectively. The Bum was prominently associated with Hobo Day festivities. Revenue from these publications supported the chapter’s annual travel to Sigma Delta Chi national conventions.

In the mid-1970s, the chapter lost official sponsorship from the national SPJ organization, rendering continued publication of the programs financially unsustainable. Responsibility for producing The Bum and The Junior Bum was subsequently transferred to the Jackrabbit Sports Information Service within the SDSU Athletic Department. Archival copies of The Bum can be found in the Jackrabbit Sports Information Service Records (UA 46).

The scientific research society Sigma Xi is an honorary organization dedicated to encouraging original investigations in the pure and applied sciences.

In the 1940s, faculty members at South Dakota State University formed the Natural Science Research Club. Meeting monthly, members shared reports on their research to foster awareness of ongoing work, promote discussion, and encourage scholarly activity among faculty. The club served as a platform for exchanging ideas and supporting a culture of research on campus.

Recognizing the benefits of broader affiliation, members of the club voted in 1952–53 to affiliate with Sigma Xi as a local club. This affiliation allowed them to maintain their existing activities while gaining formal recognition and access to the national organization’s network.

Membership grew significantly in the following years, aided by the arrival of new faculty who held Sigma Xi membership from other institutions. By 1959, the club was deemed ready for elevation to full chapter status. A formal petition was submitted in 1960, and chapter status was officially granted in May 1961.

Sokota Hybrid Producers, Inc. was a South Dakota-based agricultural cooperative that supplied hybrid seed corn to farmers in South Dakota and neighboring states. The organization traces its origins to 1924, when Clifford Franzke, an agronomist with the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, began inbreeding local corn varieties to develop hybrids suited to the regional climate. In 1942, a new hybrid seed was released to farmers, and efforts to standardize seed grading were initiated by Fred Baldridge, a retired farmer.

The cooperative formally incorporated in 1944, with 24 farmers purchasing certificates of equity to establish the organization. E.G. Sanderson served as its first president. In 1945, W.L. Davis, a vocational agriculture instructor in Brookings, became manager and oversaw construction of Sokota’s processing plant in southern Brookings. Davis remained in the position for nearly 35 years.

By the late 1970s and early 1980s, Sokota operated one of the largest corn breeding programs in the region, reportedly exceeding the scope of similar efforts at South Dakota State University. The cooperative was sold in 1985 to North American Plant Breeders, marking the end of its independent operations.

Also known as Commercial Science, the Department of Commerce at South Dakota State University existed in the early 1900s and disappeared from college catalogs around 1903. The department offered both secretarial and commercial courses. Secretarial instruction included business law, commercial methods (such as letter writing and filing), typewriting, money and banking, shorthand, and accounting. Commercial courses covered topics such as bookkeeping, business methods, commerce and industry, business affairs, and related subjects.

The Faculty Round Table was established on November 1, 1901, with the purpose of fostering professional and social engagement among its members. Membership was limited to the college’s faculty and instructors, along with their spouses. The group held regular monthly meetings during the academic year, with the goal of encouraging intellectual exchange through the presentation and discussion of scholarly papers.

The Hatch Act of 1887 established the Agricultural Experiment Station and required all colleges created under the Morrill Act of 1862 to form a department designated as an Agricultural Experiment Station. These stations were tasked with acquiring and disseminating practical and useful agricultural information for the people of the United States, as well as promoting scientific investigation and experimentation. The act required annual reports from all stations and the distribution of periodic bulletins or progress reports. Federal funds supported this work, and in 1887 Dakota Agricultural College, the predecessor of South Dakota State University, established its Agricultural Experiment Station in accordance with these requirements.

Today, much of the station’s research is conducted in Brookings, with additional work carried out at six field stations and at the West River Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Rapid City. Field stations address local or specialized agricultural problems, and further research is conducted on farms and ranches, in wildlife areas, in streams and reservoirs, and in cooperation with businesses and institutions across nearly every county in the state.

The research program of the College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences is based on structured experiments that provide new knowledge and service to the citizens of South Dakota. This information is used by farmers, ranchers, homemakers, industry, university classrooms, and extension education programs. Research covers livestock; crops and soils; community and public affairs; animal health; fertilizers; garden and orchard; home and consumer topics; water resources and irrigation; forestry; insects; farm machinery; marketing; business management; farm buildings; pollution; range and grass; fisheries; plant diseases; wildlife; sociology; and biostress in plants, animals, and humans. Funding is provided through state and federal appropriations, industry grants, and federal and state grants. Research findings are published in Experiment Station or Extension bulletins, scientific journals, and in the quarterly publication Farm and Home Research.

The South Dakota Agricultural Heritage Museum was established in 1967 by South Dakota State University (SDSU). From 1975 to 1995, it operated as a program of the South Dakota State Historical Society. In April 1995, the museum was reaffiliated with SDSU and now reports directly to the Vice President for Administration.

The museum is dedicated to preserving, studying, and interpreting materials related to South Dakota agriculture and rural life from 1860 to the present. Its scope includes agricultural technologies, crops, livestock, and the social, cultural, and institutional aspects that have influenced and been influenced by the state’s rural environment. The museum’s permanent and part-time staff carry out key museum functions, including collecting, restoring and preserving, researching, exhibiting, and interpreting items relevant to its mission.

In 1947, the South Dakota General Federation of Women's Clubs voted to raise funds for an art center to provide the people of South Dakota with a dedicated space to view works of art. In 1950, the Federation selected the campus of South Dakota State College in Brookings as the location for the facility. Construction began in 1969, and the Memorial Art Center was dedicated in 1970. In 1976, it became the first museum in South Dakota to receive accreditation from the American Association of Museums. Reflecting its expanded programming and statewide role, the South Dakota Board of Regents renamed the institution the South Dakota Art Museum in 1987.

The museum's mission is to collect and preserve works of art that represent South Dakota’s diverse artistic heritage. The tradition of building the museum’s collection began with a donation from the Women’s Club at the time of the building’s completion. Additional acquisitions were made through support from the South Dakota State University Alumni Association and the South Dakota Arts Council. The museum’s permanent collection has since grown through both purchases and private donations, and it serves as a key resource for exhibitions, educational outreach, and scholarly research.

The South Dakota Art Museum features galleries dedicated to works by Harvey Dunn, Oscar Howe, Native American tribal art, and Marghab Linens. Additional galleries host rotating exhibitions showcasing a range of themes, media, and artistic styles. The museum also offers public programming including lectures, exhibition briefings, receptions, children’s activities, films, and other events.

From its inception, home economics extension work in South Dakota was organized primarily at the neighborhood and community level, with counties supporting anywhere from one to several individual clubs. In areas where multiple home demonstration clubs were well-established, county demonstration councils were formed to coordinate activities and advise the county home demonstration agent. These councils helped shape programming and priorities, while a state-level council convened annually during State Farm and Home Week to provide broader direction and share recommendations with local groups.

The earliest predecessor to Extension clubs in South Dakota was the Farmers’ Institute, a university-sponsored program that delivered lectures on farm and home topics. Homemaking was a central part of these programs, enabling rural women to benefit from shared knowledge and discussion. Prior to formal Extension work, community women’s clubs created their own educational programs and met in rural churches or homes.

Following the passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914, Venia Keller was appointed the first female Extension worker in South Dakota. Her work, and that of early specialists, was closely tied to the Farmers’ Institute and homemakers’ clubs, offering demonstrations and lectures—particularly on food preparation—at county fairs and other public events. During World War I, funding from the Federal Food Production Act enabled the employment of county home demonstration agents, who worked with the Food Administration to promote food conservation, canning, and alternative food sources, including cottage cheese.

The 1920s saw steady growth in home demonstration work, with organized clubs expanding across the state. Districts were added, leader training meetings were introduced, and new educational efforts were launched in food, clothing, and home management. In 1928, the Capper-Ketcham Act provided funding that allowed agents to focus on fewer counties, improving service. That same year, the South Dakota Federation of Home Demonstration Clubs was formally organized at the State Fair, with its first business meeting held in early 1929. The Federation encouraged participation from individual clubs and held two annual statewide meetings—a business session at the State Fair and an educational gathering during Farm and Home Week at South Dakota State University.

The Federation aimed to facilitate the exchange of ideas about home life and relied on the Extension Service for educational materials and planning. Early projects included state contests in poultry, egg recipes, ironing, bread baking, and vegetable preparation, enhancing club programming. During the Great Depression, district meetings were held to reduce travel costs, a practice continued into the 1940s when Farm and Home Week was discontinued.

In 1950, clubs undertook their first statewide fundraising project, sponsoring a German exchange student to study home economics and extension at SDSU. Extension clubs also contributed funds to organizations such as the Crippled Children’s Hospital and the South Dakota Art Museum.

By the 1970s, local leaders began planning meetings independently to emphasize local needs while still promoting Council goals. The main function remained consistent: to strengthen county participation, promote educational projects, and build community ties. Over time, the organization’s name evolved—from the South Dakota Home Demonstration Clubs to the South Dakota Home Extension Homemakers Clubs, and later to the South Dakota Community and Family Extension Leaders—but its core mission of improving home and community life remained unchanged.

Formed in 1971, the South Dakota Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women was a state-level governing body for collegiate women’s athletics in South Dakota. It organized competitions, coordinated with national organizations such as the Division for Girls’ and Women’s Sports and the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, and worked to standardize competition and promote women’s athletic programs across the state. Membership included most public and private institutions in South Dakota. The association concluded its activities in June 1982 as national governance shifted, particularly with the NCAA assuming responsibility for women’s athletics. Its work marked an important transitional period during the early implementation of federally mandated equity in collegiate sports.

In 1890, the South Dakota Legislature established a governing board for higher education, creating a nine-member Board of Regents appointed by the governor and officially known as the Regents of Education. This board operated in conjunction with each institution’s individual Board of Trustees, which retained primary authority over local decision-making and institutional operations.

This dual system of governance continued for six years. However, administrative inefficiencies and conflicting oversight prompted legislative reform. In November 1896, the South Dakota Constitution was amended to establish a single, centralized five-member Board of Regents with full authority over all public educational institutions in the state.

Over time, the Board’s structure evolved. Today, the South Dakota Board of Regents is composed of nine members, including one student regent. Regular regents serve six-year terms, while the student regent serves a two-year term. The Board acts as the constitutional governing body for six public universities and two special schools in South Dakota. Its responsibilities include approving institutional budgets, curricula, faculty appointments, and salary structures, among other governance duties.

The South Dakota Crop Improvement Association (SDCIA) traces its origins to the formation of the South Dakota Corn Growers and Corn Breeders Association in September 1906. Initially intended as a temporary organization to enhance corn cultivation in the state, it became permanent following the success of its first crop show. A.E. Chamberlain of Howard was elected the association’s first president.

In 1909, the organization broadened its scope to include other grains and was renamed the South Dakota Corn Growers and Grain Growers Association. In 1924, it merged with the South Dakota Experimental Association, a group focused on testing and promoting new crop varieties. The following year, the combined organization adopted the name South Dakota Crop Improvement Association.

Since then, the SDCIA has played a central role in advancing seed crop improvement across the state. It established several key initiatives, including the Seed Council of South Dakota in 1928 and the Foundation Seed Stocks Corporation in 1944, to oversee seed testing and certification. The organization holds an annual state crop show and membership meeting to educate farmers about new seed varieties and farming techniques. It also supports the development of county-level associations to promote agricultural education and the use of pure, certified seed.

The South Dakota Dairy Association, founded in 1904, played a key role in advancing the state's dairy industry. It promoted dairy farming practices, supported producers, and contributed to the sector's economic impact. The association was governed by a board including a president, vice-president, and secretary-treasurer, ensuring strategic direction. Since 1976, South Dakota State University has hosted the South Dakota Dairymen’s Conference, later renamed the Dairy and Forage Conference. Annual conventions facilitated industry collaboration and policy discussions. In 1993, the association merged with the North Dakota and Minnesota dairy promotion councils to form the American Dairy Association and Dairy Council.

In 1980, the National Science Foundation established the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, known as EPSCoR. The program was created to assist states in developing self sustaining academic research enterprises with competitive capacity that supports economic viability and development. The mission of EPSCoR is to strengthen research and education in science and engineering throughout the United States and to prevent an undue concentration of such research and educational resources. Since its establishment, several federal agencies have developed comparable programs, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, and the National Institutes of Health.

The South Dakota EPSCoR program seeks to enhance the state’s research capacity in science and technology, expand educational opportunities for K 12, undergraduate, and graduate students, and encourage technology transfer and commercialization activities that support economic development within South Dakota. To achieve these objectives, South Dakota EPSCoR maintains collaborative relationships with the Office of Commercialization, the Governor’s Office of Economic Development, and the South Dakota Board of Regents. Participating institutions include the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, South Dakota State University, and the University of South Dakota.

The South Dakota Farm Bureau is one of the oldest agricultural organizations in the state, with roots dating back to 1913 when local efforts began at the county level. The South Dakota Farm Bureau Federation was officially established in 1917. Initially, the Bureau worked closely with the Cooperative Extension Service, but this relationship had largely dissolved by 1935 as the organization evolved independently.

The South Dakota Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company, once a key service arm of the Federation, offered insurance exclusively to its members. This member-owned company merged with the Iowa Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company in July 1999, at which point it ceased operations under the South Dakota name. The South Dakota Farm Bureau Service Company, a for-profit corporation wholly owned by the Federation, continues to operate in support of the Bureau’s broader mission.

In 1881, farmers in Yankton County organized the first alliance in Dakota Territory, inspired by Milton George, editor of the Western Rural, who condemned discriminatory railroad practices and advocated for the National Farmers’ Alliance. A sharp drop in wheat prices in 1884 fueled widespread unrest, prompting mass meetings in Clark, Huron, Mellette, and Redfield, where farmers called for railroad regulation. In response, a territorial railroad commission was established in January 1885, but opposition rendered it powerless to set freight rates. The movement strengthened in February 1885, when delegates from eleven counties convened in Huron to form the Dakota Farmers’ Alliance, affiliating with the national organization. By mid-summer, the number of local alliances in the territory had tripled, demonstrating the growing influence of the farmers’ movement.